https://www.gardenology.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=FarmerdillGardenology.org - Plant Encyclopedia and Gardening wiki - User contributions [en]2026-04-10T16:49:57ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.0https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cue_ball_3.jpg&diff=18493File:Cue ball 3.jpg2009-03-09T20:49:17Z<p>Farmerdill: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Green_Goddess.jpg&diff=18492File:Green Goddess.jpg2009-03-09T20:42:57Z<p>Farmerdill: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dixie_1.jpg&diff=18491File:Dixie 1.jpg2009-03-09T20:39:26Z<p>Farmerdill: Very popular cultivar of Yellow Crookneck in the Southeastern USA.</p>
<hr />
<div>Very popular cultivar of Yellow Crookneck in the Southeastern USA.</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Quick_pick_3.jpg&diff=16576File:Quick pick 3.jpg2008-11-28T15:31:42Z<p>Farmerdill: </p>
<hr />
<div>Southern pea/cowpea- Pinkeye group - cultivar Quick Pick</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dixie_Butterpea_w.jpg&diff=16539File:Dixie Butterpea w.jpg2008-11-28T00:03:15Z<p>Farmerdill: Bush baby lima - Dixie Butterpea, White</p>
<hr />
<div>Bush baby lima - Dixie Butterpea, White</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Baby_fordhook.jpg&diff=16538File:Baby fordhook.jpg2008-11-28T00:00:12Z<p>Farmerdill: Baby lima, bush- Baby Fordhook</p>
<hr />
<div>Baby lima, bush- Baby Fordhook</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:King_Garden_III.jpg&diff=16537File:King Garden III.jpg2008-11-27T23:51:50Z<p>Farmerdill: Giant white pole lima - King of the Garden</p>
<hr />
<div>Giant white pole lima - King of the Garden</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Henderson.jpg&diff=16536File:Henderson.jpg2008-11-27T23:49:01Z<p>Farmerdill: Baby bush lima - Henderson</p>
<hr />
<div>Baby bush lima - Henderson</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dixie_Butterpea.jpg&diff=16535File:Dixie Butterpea.jpg2008-11-27T23:47:08Z<p>Farmerdill: Baby bush lima - Dixie Butterpea, Speckled</p>
<hr />
<div>Baby bush lima - Dixie Butterpea, Speckled</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Carolina_1.jpg&diff=16534File:Carolina 1.jpg2008-11-27T23:44:41Z<p>Farmerdill: Pole lima- Sieva/Carolina</p>
<hr />
<div>Pole lima- Sieva/Carolina</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cangreen.jpg&diff=16533File:Cangreen.jpg2008-11-27T23:41:39Z<p>Farmerdill: Bush lima bean- Cangreen</p>
<hr />
<div>Bush lima bean- Cangreen</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:100_0070.JPG&diff=16500File:100 0070.JPG2008-11-27T16:25:03Z<p>Farmerdill: Southern Pea/ Cowpea - Black Crowder.</p>
<hr />
<div>Southern Pea/ Cowpea - Black Crowder.</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Zipper_A.jpg&diff=16499File:Zipper A.jpg2008-11-27T15:49:31Z<p>Farmerdill: Southern Pea/Cowpea - Cream type - Zipper</p>
<hr />
<div>Southern Pea/Cowpea - Cream type - Zipper</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:White_Acre_2.jpg&diff=16498File:White Acre 2.jpg2008-11-27T15:47:31Z<p>Farmerdill: Southern pea/Cowpea - White type - White Acre</p>
<hr />
<div>Southern pea/Cowpea - White type - White Acre</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Collossas.jpg&diff=16495File:Collossas.jpg2008-11-27T15:43:51Z<p>Farmerdill: Southern pea/ Cowpea - Crowder type - Collossas</p>
<hr />
<div>Southern pea/ Cowpea - Crowder type - Collossas</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Blackeye_5.jpg&diff=16494File:Blackeye 5.jpg2008-11-27T15:41:18Z<p>Farmerdill: Southern Pea/Cowpea - Blackeye type- California # 5</p>
<hr />
<div>Southern Pea/Cowpea - Blackeye type- California # 5</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Big_Boy_3.jpg&diff=16493File:Big Boy 3.jpg2008-11-27T15:38:54Z<p>Farmerdill: Southern Pea/Cowpea - Big Boy</p>
<hr />
<div>Southern Pea/Cowpea - Big Boy</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Purple_knucklehull_1.jpg&diff=16492File:Purple knucklehull 1.jpg2008-11-27T15:35:57Z<p>Farmerdill: Southern pea/Cowpea - crowder type - Purple Knucklehull</p>
<hr />
<div>Southern pea/Cowpea - crowder type - Purple Knucklehull</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Polecat.jpg&diff=16491File:Polecat.jpg2008-11-27T15:33:10Z<p>Farmerdill: Southern pea/Cowpea - Holstien</p>
<hr />
<div>Southern pea/Cowpea - Holstien</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Quick_pick_1.jpg&diff=16490File:Quick pick 1.jpg2008-11-27T15:28:27Z<p>Farmerdill: Southern pea/cowpea - pinkeye type- Quick Pick</p>
<hr />
<div>Southern pea/cowpea - pinkeye type- Quick Pick</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Quick_pick_3.jpg&diff=16489File:Quick pick 3.jpg2008-11-27T15:25:51Z<p>Farmerdill: Southern pea/cowpea- Pinkeye group - cultivar Quickie</p>
<hr />
<div>Southern pea/cowpea- Pinkeye group - cultivar Quickie</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Collard11503.jpg&diff=16462File:Collard11503.jpg2008-11-26T20:10:55Z<p>Farmerdill: Collard - Heavi-Crop</p>
<hr />
<div>Collard - Heavi-Crop</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Green_Glaze.jpg&diff=16461File:Green Glaze.jpg2008-11-26T20:06:27Z<p>Farmerdill: Collard - Green Glaze</p>
<hr />
<div>Collard - Green Glaze</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Top_bunch_1.jpg&diff=16460File:Top bunch 1.jpg2008-11-26T20:03:29Z<p>Farmerdill: Collard- Top Bunch</p>
<hr />
<div>Collard- Top Bunch</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Blue_max_4.jpg&diff=16459File:Blue max 4.jpg2008-11-26T19:58:40Z<p>Farmerdill: A row of Blue Max collards</p>
<hr />
<div>A row of Blue Max collards</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Savannah_1.jpg&diff=16449File:Savannah 1.jpg2008-11-26T15:08:30Z<p>Farmerdill: Mustard-Spinach - Savannah</p>
<hr />
<div>Mustard-Spinach - Savannah</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flash.jpg&diff=16448File:Flash.jpg2008-11-26T15:06:09Z<p>Farmerdill: Collard - Flash</p>
<hr />
<div>Collard - Flash</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:November_Radish.jpg&diff=16447File:November Radish.jpg2008-11-26T13:44:50Z<p>Farmerdill: November radish bouquet</p>
<hr />
<div>November radish bouquet</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tendergreen_3.jpg&diff=16436File:Tendergreen 3.jpg2008-11-25T23:31:33Z<p>Farmerdill: Tendergreen</p>
<hr />
<div>Tendergreen</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cabbage_collard_2.jpg&diff=16434File:Cabbage collard 2.jpg2008-11-25T20:29:21Z<p>Farmerdill: An old cultivar, the Cabbage Collard</p>
<hr />
<div>An old cultivar, the Cabbage Collard</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Collard&diff=16433Collard2008-11-25T20:21:06Z<p>Farmerdill: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Plantbox<br />
| color = IndianRed<br />
| common_names = Collard, Collard greens<br />
| growth_habit = please add<br />
| high = 12-48 inches<br />
| wide = 18- 30 inches<br />
| lifespan = Biennial, Perennial<br />
| exposure = Sun<br />
| water = Regular<br />
| features = Edible<br />
| hardiness = Hardy<br />
| usda_zones = please add<br />
| sunset_zones = please add<br />
| name = ''Collard greens''<br />
| image = Lacinato Kale and Collard Greens.jpg<br />
| image_width = 240px<br />
| image_caption = Collard greens on right<br />
| regnum = Plantae<br />
| divisio = Magnoliophyta<br />
| classis = Magnoliopsida<br />
| ordo = Brassicales<br />
| familia = Brassicaceae<br />
| genus = Brassica<br />
| species = oleracea<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Collards''', also called '''borekale''' (from the Dutch boerenkool (farmers' kale), are various loose-leafed [[cultivar]]s of ''[[Brassica oleracea]]'' ([[Acephala Group]]), the same species that produces [[cabbage]] and [[broccoli]]. The plant is grown for its large, dark-colored, [[greens (vegetable)|edible leaves]] and as a garden ornamental, mainly in [[Brazil]], [[Portugal]], the Southern [[United States]], many parts of [[Africa]], [[Montenegro]], [[Spain]] and in [[Kashmir]]. They are classified in the same [[Cultivar|cultivar group]] as [[kale]] and [[spring greens]], to which they are extremely similar genetically.<br />
<br />
The plant is also called ''couve'' in [[Brazil]], ''couve-galega'' in [[Portugal]], (''col'') ''berza'' in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking countries and ''Raštan'' in [[Montenegro]]. In Kashmiri it is called ''haak''. The name ''collard'' is said to derive from [[Anglo-Saxon language|Anglo-Saxon]] ''coleworts'' or ''colewyrts'' ("cabbage plants").<br />
<br />
== The plant ==<br />
[[Image:Collards in container.jpg|thumb|left|160px|Young collard plants growing in a container]]<br />
The Cultivar Group name ''Acephala'' ("without a head" in [[Greek language|Greek]]) refers to the fact that this variety of ''B. oleracea'' does not have the usual close-knit core of leaves ("head") like cabbage. The plant is a [[Biennial plant|biennial]] where winter frost occurs, [[Perennial plant|perennial]] in even colder regions. It has an upright stalk, often growing up to 2 feet tall. The collard is essentially a non -heading cabbage. As stated by Burpee in its 1888 catalog, a winter cabbage grown and seeded in the south will revert to a collard. Popular cultivars of collards include Georgia Southern, Morris Heading, Butter Collard (or ''couve-manteiga''), and couve tronchuda.<br />
<br />
== Cultivation ==<br />
The plant is commercially cultivated for its thick, slightly bitter edible leaves. They are available year-round, but many people believe that they are tastier and more nutritious in the cold months, after the first [[frost]]. For best [[flavor]] and [[Texture (food)|texture]], the leaves should be picked before they reach their maximum size. Flavor and texture also depend on the [[cultivar]]; the ''couve-manteiga'' and ''couve tronchuda'' are especially appreciated in [[Brazil]] and [[Portugal]].<br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
Seed.<br />
<br />
===Pests and diseases===</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=File:Graffiti_1.jpg&diff=16420File:Graffiti 1.jpg2008-11-25T15:19:21Z<p>Farmerdill: Grafiiti, one of the more popular purple versions.</p>
<hr />
<div>Grafiiti, one of the more popular purple versions.</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_vegetables&diff=16419List of vegetables2008-11-25T15:12:14Z<p>Farmerdill: /* Western Brassicas */</p>
<hr />
<div>This is a list of [[vegetable]]s in the culinary sense, which means it includes some botanical [[fruit]]s like pumpkins and doesn't include [[herb]]s, [[spice]]s, [[cereal]]s and most [[List of fruits|culinary fruits]] and [[Nut (fruit)|culinary nuts]]. Some culinary vegetables ([[seaweeds]] like [[nori]]) are not even members of the [[plantae|plant kingdom]].<br />
<br />
A vegetable can be any of the major plant parts - [[root]], [[stem]], [[leaf]], [[flower]], [[fruit]] or [[seed]]. Vegetables are usually eaten during the main part of a meal while culinary fruits are usually sweet and eaten as [[dessert]]s, [[snack]]s or [[juice]]s. There are often exceptions, e.g. vegetables can be used in desserts such as sweet potato pie, sweet green tomato pie and sweet eggplant pie. Vegetables are also used in [[Vegetable juice|juices]].<br />
<br />
==Western Brassicas== <br />
[[Image:Fractal Broccoli.jpg|150px|thumb|Closeup of romanesco broccoli.]] <br />
* [[Broccoli]] (''Brassica oleracea'' Italica group) <br />
* [[Brussels sprout]] (''Brassica oleracea'' Gemmifera group) <br />
* [[Cabbage]] (''Brassica oleracea'' Capitata group) <br />
* [[Cauliflower]] (''Brassica oleracea'' Botrytis group) <br />
* [[Kale]] (''Brassica oleracea'' Acephala group) <br />
** [[Collard ]] (''Brassica oleracea'' Acephala group)<br />
* [[Rapini]] (''Brassica rapa'' var. ''ruvo'')<br />
<br />
==Asian Brassicas== <br />
<!-- Removed [[Image:ChineseWhiteCabbage.jpg|150px|thumb|Chinese White Cabbage]] Image is missing --><br />
* [[Kai-lan|Kai-lan]] (''Brassica rapa'' var. ''alboglabra'') <br />
* [[Bok choy|Bok choy]] (also spelt ''Bok choi'')(''Brassica rapa'' var. ''chinensis'') (''Brassica rapa'' var. ''pekinensis'') <br />
* [[Komatsuna]] (''Brassica rapa'' var. ''perviridis'') <br />
* [[Brassica rapa|Mizuna greens]] (''Brassica rapa'' var. ''nipposinica'') <br />
* [[Mustard plant|Oriental mustard]] (''Brassica juncea'')<br />
<br />
==Leafy and salad vegetables== <br />
{{main|leaf vegetable}} <br />
[[Image:Img 0717 garden cress.jpg|thumb|garden cress]] <br />
[[Image:Iceberg lettuce in SB.jpg|thumb|Iceberg lettuce field in Northern [[Santa Barbara County]]]] <br />
[[Image:Spinacia oleracea Spinazie bloeiend.jpg|thumb|Spinach in flower]] <br />
* [[Amaranth]] (''Amaranthus cruentus'') <br />
* [[Arugula]] (''Eruca sativa'') <br />
* [[Vernonia|Bitterleaf]] (''Vernonia calvoana'') <br />
* [[Catsear]] (''Hypochaeris radicata'') <br />
* [[Celtuce]] (''Lactuca sativa'' var. ''asparagina'') <br />
* [[Basella alba|Ceylon spinach]] (''Basella alba'') <br />
* [[Chicory]] (''Cichorium intybus'') <br />
* [[Malva|Chinese Mallow]] (''Malva verticillata'') <br />
* [[Chrysanthemum]] (''Chrysanthemum coronarium'') <br />
* [[Corn salad]] (''Valerianella locusta'') <br />
* [[Garden cress|Cress]] (''Lepidium sativum'') <br />
* [[Dandelion]] (''Taraxacum officinale'') <br />
* [[Endive]] (''Cichorium endivia'') <br />
* [[Epazote]] (''Chenopodium ambrosioides'') <br />
* [[Fat Hen|Fat hen]] (''Chenopodium album'') <br />
* [[Fiddlehead]] (''Pteridium aquilinum, Athyrium esculentum'') <br />
* [[Telfairia occidentalis|Fluted pumpkin]] (''Telfairia occidentalis'') <br />
* [[Golden samphire]] (''Inula crithmoides'') <br />
* [[Good King Henry]] (''Chenopodium bonus-henricus'') <br />
* [[Ice Plant|Iceplant]] (''Mesembryanthemum crystallinum'') <br />
* [[Baobab|Kuka]] (''Adansonia'' spp.) <br />
* [[Talinum fruticosum|Lagos bologi]] (''Talinum fruticosum'') <br />
* [[Land cress]] (''Barbarea verna'')<br />
* [[Lettuce]] (''Lactuca sativa'') <br />
* [[Houttuynia cordata|Lizard's tail]] (''Houttuynia cordata'') <br />
* [[Corchorus|Melokhia]] (''Corchorus olitorius, Corchorus capsularis'') <br />
* [[Sinapis|Mustard]] (''Sinapis alba'') <br />
* [[Tetragonia|New Zealand Spinach]] (''Tetragonia tetragonioides'') <br />
* [[Atriplex|Orache]] (''Atriplex hortensis'') <br />
* [[Radicchio]] (''Cichorium intybus'') <br />
* [[Rock samphire|Samphire]] (''Crithmum maritimum'') <br />
* [[Rapeseed|Salad rape]] (''Brassica napus'') <br />
* [[Sea Beet|Sea beet]] (''Beta vulgaris'' subsp. ''maritima'') <br />
* [[Seakale]] (''Crambe maritima'') <br />
* [[Crassocephalum|Sierra Leone bologi]] (''Crassocephalum'' spp.) <br />
* [[Celosia|Soko]] (''Celosia argentea'') <br />
* [[Sorrel]] (''Rumex acetosa'') <br />
* [[Spinach]] (''Spinacia oleracea'') <br />
* [[Portulaca oleracea|Summer purslane]] (''Portulaca oleracea'') <br />
* [[Chard|Swiss chard]] (''Beta vulgaris'' subsp. ''cicla'' var. ''flavescens'') <br />
* [[Watercress]] (''Nasturtium officinale'') <br />
* [[Ipomoea aquatica|Water spinach]] (''Ipomoea aquatica'') <br />
* [[Miner's lettuce|Winter purslane]] (''Claytonia perfoliata'')<br />
<br />
==Fruiting and Flowering Vegetables== <br />
[[Image:Avocado.jpeg|thumb|Avocado fruit (cv. 'Fuerte'); left: whole, right: in section]] <br />
[[Image:Pumpkins.jpg|thumb|Pumpkins]] <br />
* [[Armenian Cucumber|Armenian cucumber]] (''Cucumis melo'' Flexuosus group) <br />
* [[Eggplant]] or Aubergine (''Solanum melongena'') <br />
* [[Avocado]] (''Persea americana'') <br />
* [[Bitter melon]] (''Momordica charantia'') <br />
* [[Caigua]] (''Cyclanthera pedata'') <br />
* [[Cayenne pepper]] (''Capsicum frutescens'') <br />
* [[Chayote]] (''Sechium edule'') <br />
* [[Chile pepper]] (''Capsicum annuum'' Longum group) <br />
* [[Cucumber]] (''Cucumis sativus'') <br />
* [[Globe Artichoke]] (''Cynara scolymus'')<br />
* [[Luffa]] (''Luffa acutangula, Luffa aegyptiaca'')<br />
* [[Cucurbita ficifolia|Malabar gourd]] (''Cucurbita ficifolia'')<br />
* [[Squash (fruit)|Marrow]] (''Cucurbita pepo'')<br />
* [[Trichosanthes dioica|Parwal]] (''Trichosanthes dioica'')<br />
* [[Coccinia grandis|Perennial cucumber]] (''Coccinia grandis'')<br />
* [[Pumpkin]] (''Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo'')<br />
* [[Snake gourd]] (''Trichosanthes cucumerina'')<br />
* [[Sweetcorn]] (''Zea mays'')<br />
* [[Capsicum|Sweet pepper]] (''Capsicum annuum'' Grossum group)<br />
* [[Tinda]] (''Praecitrullus fistulosus'')<br />
* [[Tomato]] (''Lycopersicon esculentum'')<br />
* [[Tomatillo]] (''Physalis ixocarpa, Physalis philadelphica'')<br />
* [[Winter melon]] (''Benincasa hispida'')<br />
* [[Cucumis anguria|West Indian gherkin]] (''Cucumis anguria'')<br />
* [[Zucchini]] or Courgette (''Cucurbita pepo'')<br />
<br />
==Podded Vegetables==<br />
[[Image:Phaseolus vulgaris seed.jpg|240px|right|thumb|Diversity in dry common beans]]<br />
[[Image:Soybeanvarieties.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Varieties of soybeans are used for many purposes.]]<br />
* [[Apios americana|American groundnut]] (''Apios americana'')<br />
* [[Winged bean|Asparagus pea]] (''Psophocarpus tetragonolobus'')<br />
* [[Azuki bean]] (''Vigna angularis'')<br />
* [[Black-eyed pea]] (''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''unguiculata'')<br />
* [[Chickpea]] (''Cicer arietinum'')<br />
* [[Drumstick (vegetable)|Drumstick]] (''Moringa oleifera'')<br />
* [[Hyacinth Bean|Dolichos bean]] (''Lablab purpureus'')<br />
* [[Vicia faba|Fava bean]] (''Vicia faba'')<br />
* [[Common bean|French bean]] (''Phaseolus vulgaris'')<br />
* [[Guar]] (''Cyamopsis tetragonoloba'')<br />
* [[Horse gram]] (''Macrotyloma uniflorum'')<br />
* [[Lathyrus sativus|Indian pea]] (''Lathyrus sativus'')<br />
* [[Lentil]] (''Lens culinaris'')<br />
* [[Lima bean]] (''Phaseolus lunatus'')<br />
* [[Moth bean]] (''Vigna acontifolia'')<br />
* [[Mung bean]] (''Vigna radiata'')<br />
* [[Okra]] (''Abelmoschus esculentus'')<br />
* [[Pea]] (''Pisum sativum'')<br />
* [[Peanut]] (''Arachis hypogaea'') <br />
* [[Pigeon pea]] (''Cajanus cajan'')<br />
* [[Rice bean]] (''Vigna umbellatta'') <br />
* [[Runner bean]] (''Phaseolus coccineus'')<br />
* [[Soybean]] (''Glycine max'')<br />
* [[Lupinus mutabilis|Tarwi]] (''Lupinus mutabilis'')<br />
* [[Tepary bean]] (''Phaseolus acutifolius'')<br />
* [[Urad (bean)|Urad bean]] (''Vigna mungo'')<br />
* [[Mucuna pruriens|Velvet bean]] (''Mucuna pruriens'')<br />
* [[Yardlong bean]] (''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'')<br />
<br />
==Bulb and stem vegetables==<br />
[[Image:Garlic.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Garlic bulbs and individual cloves, one peeled.]]<br />
* [[Asparagus]] (''Asparagus officinalis'')<br />
* [[Cardoon]] (''Cynara cardunculus'')<br />
* [[Celeriac]] (''Apium graveolens'' var. ''rapaceum'')<br />
* [[Celery]] (''Apium graveolens'')<br />
* [[Elephant Garlic]] (''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''ampeloprasum'')<br />
* [[Fennel|Florence fennel]] (''Foeniculum vulgare'' var. ''dulce'')<br />
* [[Garlic]] (''Allium sativum'')<br />
* [[Kohlrabi]] (''Brassica oleracea'' Gongylodes group)<br />
* [[Kurrat]] (''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''kurrat'')<br />
* [[Leek (vegetable)|Leek]] (''Allium porrum'')<br />
* [[Nopal]] (''Opuntia ficus-indica'')<br />
* [[Onion]] (''Allium cepa'')<br />
* [[Ornithogalum pyrenaicum|Prussian asparagus]] (''Ornithogalum pyrenaicum'')<br />
* [[Rhubarb]] (''Rheum'' x ''cultorum'')<br />
* [[Shallot]] (''Allium cepa'' Aggregatum group)<br />
* [[Welsh onion]] (''Allium fistulosum'')<br />
* [[Wild leek]] (''Allium tricoccum'')<br />
<br />
==Root and tuberous vegetables==<br />
[[Image:CarrotDiversityLg.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Carrots come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes]]<br />
[[Image:Various types of potatoes for sale.jpg|thumb|250px|Potatoes are one of the most used [[staple food]]s.]]<br />
[[Image:Bunch of radishes.jpg|thumb|bunch of radishes]]<br />
* [[Pachyrhizus|Ahipa]] (''Pachyrhizus ahipa'')<br />
* [[Arracacha]] (''Arracacia xanthorrhiza''))<br />
* [[Bamboo shoot]]<br />
* [[Beet|Beetroot]] (''Beta vulgaris'' subsp. ''vulgaris'')<br />
* [[Bunium persicum|Black cumin]] (''Bunium persicum'')<br />
* [[Broadleaf arrowhead]] (''Sagittaria latifolia'')<br />
* [[Canna (plant)|Canna]] (''Canna'' spp.)<br />
* [[Carrot]] (''Daucus carota'')<br />
* [[Cassava]] (''Manihot esculenta'')<br />
* [[Chinese artichoke]] (''Stachys affinis'')<br />
* [[Daikon]] (''Raphanus sativus'' Longipinnatus group)<br />
* [[Lathyrus tuberosus|Earthnut pea]] (''Lathyrus tuberosus'')<br />
* [[Ensete]] (''Ensete ventricosum'')<br />
* [[Ginger]] (''Zingiber officinale'')<br />
* [[Greater burdock|Gobo]] (''Arctium lappa'')<br />
* [[Parsley|Hamburg parsley]] (''Petroselinum crispum'' var. ''tuberosum'')<br />
* [[Jerusalem artichoke]] (''Helianthus tuberosus'')<br />
* [[Jícama]] (''Pachyrhizus erosus'')<br />
* [[Nelumbo nucifera|Lotus root]] (''Nelumbo nucifera'')<br />
* [[Maca]] (''Lepidium meyenii'')<br />
* [[Xanthosoma|Malanga]] (''Xanthosoma'' sp.)<br />
* [[Mashua]] (''Tropaeolum tuberosum'')<br />
* [[Mirabilis (plant)|Mauka]] (''Mirabilis extensa'')<br />
* [[Arthropodium|New Zealand rock lily]] (''Arthropodium cirratum'')<br />
* [[Oca]] (''Oxalis tuberosa'')<br />
* [[Parsnip]] (''Pastinaca sativa'')<br />
* [[Conopodium majus|Pignut]] (''Conopodium majus'')<br />
* [[Plectranthus]] (''Plectranthus'' spp.)<br />
* [[Psoralea esculenta|Prairie turnip]] (''Psoralea esculenta'')<br />
* [[Radish]] (''Raphanus sativus'')<br />
* [[Rutabaga]] (''Brassica napus'' Napobrassica group)<br />
* [[Purple Salsify|Salsify]] (''Tragopogon porrifolius'')<br />
* [[Black salsify|Scorzonera]] (''Scorzonera hispanica'')<br />
* [[Skirret]] (''Sium sisarum'')<br />
* [[Taro]] (''Colocasia esculenta'')<br />
* [[Ti (plant)|Ti]] (''Cordyline fruticosa'')<br />
* [[Cyperus esculentus|Tigernut]] (''Cyperus esculentus'')<br />
* [[Turnip]] (''Brassica rapa'' Rapifera group)<br />
* [[Ulluco]] (''Ullucus tuberosus'')<br />
* [[Wasabi]] (''Wasabia japonica'')<br />
* [[Eleocharis dulcis|Water chestnut]] (''Eleocharis dulcis'')<br />
* [[Yacón]] (''Smallanthus sonchifolius'')<br />
* [[yam (vegetable)|Yam]] (''Dioscorea'' spp.)<br />
<br />
==Seaweed==<br />
[[Image:Caulerpa prolifera.JPG|thumb|The [[Caulerpa]] is a genus of edible [[Seaweed]].]]<br />
* [[Aonori]] (''Monostroma'' spp., ''Enteromorpha'' spp.)<br />
* [[Carola (sea vegetable)|Carola]] (''Callophyllis variegata'')<br />
* [[Dabberlocks]] (''Alaria esculenta'')<br />
* [[Dulse]] (''Palmaria palmata'')<br />
* [[Hijiki]] (''Hizikia fusiformis'')<br />
* [[Kombu]] (''Laminaria japonica'')<br />
* [[Mozuku]] (''Cladosiphon okamuranus'')<br />
* [[Nori]] (''Porphyra'' spp.)<br />
* [[Ogonori]] (''Gracilaria'' spp.)<br />
* [[Caulerpa|Sea grape]] (''Caulerpa'' spp.)<br />
* [[Sea lettuce]] (''Ulva lactuca'')<br />
* [[Wakame]] (''Undaria pinnatifida'')<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of edible seeds]]<br />
* [[List of fruits]]<br />
* [[List of plants with edible leaves]]<br />
* [[Root vegetable]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of foods|Vegetables]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of plants]]</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Collard&diff=16418Collard2008-11-25T15:08:01Z<p>Farmerdill: /* The plant */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Cultivar | name = Collard (shown on right)<br />
| image = Lacinato Kale and Collard Greens.jpg<br />
| image_width = 240px<br />
| image_caption = Lacinato kale (left) with collard greens (right)<br />
| species = ''[[Brassica oleracea]]''<br />
| group = [[Acephala Group]]<br />
| origin = unknown<br />
| subdivision = Many, and some are known by other names.<br />
}}<br />
'''Collards''', also called '''borekale''' (from the Dutch boerenkool (farmers' kale), are various loose-leafed [[cultivar]]s of ''[[Brassica oleracea]]'' ([[Acephala Group]]), the same species that produces [[cabbage]] and [[broccoli]]. The plant is grown for its large, dark-colored, [[greens (vegetable)|edible leaves]] and as a garden ornamental, mainly in [[Brazil]], [[Portugal]], the Southern [[United States]], many parts of [[Africa]], [[Montenegro]], [[Spain]] and in [[Kashmir]]. They are classified in the same [[Cultivar|cultivar group]] as [[kale]] and [[spring greens]], to which they are extremely similar genetically.<br />
<br />
The plant is also called ''couve'' in [[Brazil]], ''couve-galega'' in [[Portugal]], (''col'') ''berza'' in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking countries and ''Raštan'' in [[Montenegro]]. In Kashmiri it is called ''haak''. The name ''collard'' is said to derive from [[Anglo-Saxon language|Anglo-Saxon]] ''coleworts'' or ''colewyrts'' ("cabbage plants").<br />
<br />
== The plant ==<br />
[[Image:Collards in container.jpg|thumb|left|160px|Young collard plants growing in a container]]<br />
The Cultivar Group name ''Acephala'' ("without a head" in [[Greek language|Greek]]) refers to the fact that this variety of ''B. oleracea'' does not have the usual close-knit core of leaves ("head") like cabbage. The plant is a [[Biennial plant|biennial]] where winter frost occurs, [[Perennial plant|perennial]] in even colder regions. It has an upright stalk, often growing up to 2 feet tall. The collard is essentially a non -heading cabbage. As stated by Burpee in its 1888 catalog, a winter cabbage grown and seeded in the south will revert to a collard. Popular cultivars of collards include Georgia Southern, Morris Heading, Butter Collard (or ''couve-manteiga''), and couve tronchuda.<br />
<br />
== Cultivation and storage ==<br />
The plant is commercially cultivated for its thick, slightly bitter edible leaves. They are available year-round, but many people believe that they are tastier and more nutritious in the cold months, after the first [[frost]]. For best [[flavor]] and [[Texture (food)|texture]], the leaves should be picked before they reach their maximum size. Flavor and texture also depend on the [[cultivar]]; the ''couve-manteiga'' and ''couve tronchuda'' are especially appreciated in [[Brazil]] and [[Portugal]].<br />
<br />
Fresh collard leaves can be stored for up to 10 days if refrigerated to just above freezing (1 °C) at high humidity (>95%). In domestic refrigerators, fresh collard can be stored for about three days. Once cooked, it can be frozen and stored for greater lengths of time.</div>Farmerdillhttps://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Collard&diff=16417Collard2008-11-25T14:57:51Z<p>Farmerdill: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Cultivar | name = Collard (shown on right)<br />
| image = Lacinato Kale and Collard Greens.jpg<br />
| image_width = 240px<br />
| image_caption = Lacinato kale (left) with collard greens (right)<br />
| species = ''[[Brassica oleracea]]''<br />
| group = [[Acephala Group]]<br />
| origin = unknown<br />
| subdivision = Many, and some are known by other names.<br />
}}<br />
'''Collards''', also called '''borekale''' (from the Dutch boerenkool (farmers' kale), are various loose-leafed [[cultivar]]s of ''[[Brassica oleracea]]'' ([[Acephala Group]]), the same species that produces [[cabbage]] and [[broccoli]]. The plant is grown for its large, dark-colored, [[greens (vegetable)|edible leaves]] and as a garden ornamental, mainly in [[Brazil]], [[Portugal]], the Southern [[United States]], many parts of [[Africa]], [[Montenegro]], [[Spain]] and in [[Kashmir]]. They are classified in the same [[Cultivar|cultivar group]] as [[kale]] and [[spring greens]], to which they are extremely similar genetically.<br />
<br />
The plant is also called ''couve'' in [[Brazil]], ''couve-galega'' in [[Portugal]], (''col'') ''berza'' in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking countries and ''Raštan'' in [[Montenegro]]. In Kashmiri it is called ''haak''. The name ''collard'' is said to derive from [[Anglo-Saxon language|Anglo-Saxon]] ''coleworts'' or ''colewyrts'' ("cabbage plants").<br />
<br />
== The plant ==<br />
[[Image:Collards in container.jpg|thumb|left|160px|Young collard plants growing in a container]]<br />
The Cultivar Group name ''Acephala'' ("without a head" in [[Greek language|Greek]]) refers to the fact that this variety of ''B. oleracea'' does not have the usual close-knit core of leaves ("head") like cabbage. The plant is a [[Biennial plant|biennial]] where winter frost occurs, [[Perennial plant|perennial]] in even colder regions. It has an upright stalk, often growing up to 2 feet tall. The plant is very similar to [[kale]]. Popular cultivars of collards include Georgia Southern, Morris Heading, Butter Collard (or ''couve-manteiga''), and couve tronchuda.<br />
<br />
== Cultivation and storage ==<br />
The plant is commercially cultivated for its thick, slightly bitter edible leaves. They are available year-round, but many people believe that they are tastier and more nutritious in the cold months, after the first [[frost]]. For best [[flavor]] and [[Texture (food)|texture]], the leaves should be picked before they reach their maximum size. Flavor and texture also depend on the [[cultivar]]; the ''couve-manteiga'' and ''couve tronchuda'' are especially appreciated in [[Brazil]] and [[Portugal]].<br />
<br />
Fresh collard leaves can be stored for up to 10 days if refrigerated to just above freezing (1 °C) at high humidity (>95%). In domestic refrigerators, fresh collard can be stored for about three days. Once cooked, it can be frozen and stored for greater lengths of time.</div>Farmerdill