Abies lasiocarpa - Revision history

Murali.lalitha at 17:15, 27 June 2010

2010-06-27T17:15:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:15, 27 June 2010
Line 4:		Line 4:
	\|species=lasiocarpa		\|species=lasiocarpa
	\|common_name=Coast Range Subalpine Fir, Alpine Fir, Rocky Mountain Fir		\|common_name=Coast Range Subalpine Fir, Alpine Fir, Rocky Mountain Fir
			\|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
	\|habit=tree		\|habit=tree
	\|~~Min ht box=60~~		\|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
	~~\|Min ht metric~~=ft		\|Max ht box=60
	\|Max ht box=90
	\|Max ht metric=ft		\|Max ht metric=ft
	\|~~Min wd box~~=10		\|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
	~~\|Min wd metric=ft~~
	\|Max wd box=12		\|Max wd box=12
	\|Max wd metric=ft		\|Max wd metric=ft
			\|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
	\|origin=W United States		\|origin=W United States
	\|lifespan=perennial		\|lifespan=perennial
	\|exposure=sun~~, part~~-~~sun~~		\|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
			\|exposure=sun
			\|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
	\|water=moist		\|water=moist
	\|features=evergreen, foliage		\|features=evergreen, foliage
	\|Temp Metric=°F		\|Temp Metric=°F
	\|min_zone=5		\|min_zone=4
	\|max_zone=6		\|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
			\|max_zone=9
	\|sunset_zones=1-9, 14-17		\|sunset_zones=1-9, 14-17
	\|image=Abies lasiocarpa 26011.JPG		\|image=Abies lasiocarpa 26011.JPG
Line 44:		Line 47:
	*The '''Coast Range Subalpine Fir''' ''Abies lasiocarpa'' in the narrow sense, is the typical form of the species, occurring in the [[Pacific Coast Ranges]], the [[Olympic Mountains]] and the [[Cascade Range]] from southeast Alaska ([[Alaska Panhandle\|Panhandle]] mountains) south to California{{wp}}.		*The '''Coast Range Subalpine Fir''' ''Abies lasiocarpa'' in the narrow sense, is the typical form of the species, occurring in the [[Pacific Coast Ranges]], the [[Olympic Mountains]] and the [[Cascade Range]] from southeast Alaska ([[Alaska Panhandle\|Panhandle]] mountains) south to California{{wp}}.
	*The '''Rocky Mountains Subalpine Fir''' is very closely related and of disputed status, being variously treated as a distinct species ''Abies bifolia'', as a [[variety (biology)\|variety]] of Coast Range Subalpine Fir ''Abies lasiocarpa'' var. ''bifolia'', or not distinguished from typical ''A. lasiocarpa'' at all{{wp}}. It occurs in the [[Rocky Mountains]] from southeast Alaska (eastern [[Alaska Range]]) south to Colorado{{wp}}. It differs primarily in [[resin]] composition, and in the fresh leaf scars being yellow-brown, not reddish{{wp}}. The ''Flora of North America'' treats it as a distinct species (see external links, below); the [[United States Department of Agriculture\|USDA]] includes it within ''A. lasiocarpa'' without distinction{{wp}}.		*The '''Rocky Mountains Subalpine Fir''' is very closely related and of disputed status, being variously treated as a distinct species ''Abies bifolia'', as a [[variety (biology)\|variety]] of Coast Range Subalpine Fir ''Abies lasiocarpa'' var. ''bifolia'', or not distinguished from typical ''A. lasiocarpa'' at all{{wp}}. It occurs in the [[Rocky Mountains]] from southeast Alaska (eastern [[Alaska Range]]) south to Colorado{{wp}}. It differs primarily in [[resin]] composition, and in the fresh leaf scars being yellow-brown, not reddish{{wp}}. The ''Flora of North America'' treats it as a distinct species (see external links, below); the [[United States Department of Agriculture\|USDA]] includes it within ''A. lasiocarpa'' without distinction{{wp}}.
	*The '''Corkbark Fir''' ''Abies lasiocarpa'' var. ''arizonica'' occurs in Arizona and New Mexico{{wp}}. It differs in thicker, [[Cork (material)\|cork]]y [[bark]] and more strongly glaucous foliage{{wp}}. In resin composition it is closer to ''A. bifolia'' than to typical ''A. lasiocarpa'', though the combination ~~"~~Abies bifolia var. arizonica~~"~~ has not been formally published{{wp}}. The ''Flora of North America'' includes it within ''A. bifolia'' without distinction; the USDA treats it as a distinct variety of ''A. lasiocarpa''{{wp}}.		*The '''Corkbark Fir''' ''Abies lasiocarpa'' var. ''arizonica'' occurs in Arizona and New Mexico{{wp}}. It differs in thicker, [[Cork (material)\|cork]]y [[bark]] and more strongly glaucous foliage{{wp}}. In resin composition it is closer to ''A. bifolia'' than to typical ''A. lasiocarpa'', though the combination "Abies bifolia var. arizonica" has not been formally published{{wp}}. The ''Flora of North America'' includes it within ''A. bifolia'' without distinction; the USDA treats it as a distinct variety of ''A. lasiocarpa''{{wp}}.

	==Gallery==		==Gallery==
Line 65:		Line 68:
	File:Nymph Lake.jpg\|Trees at Nymph Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado		File:Nymph Lake.jpg\|Trees at Nymph Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
	File:Ouzellake.jpg\|Trees at Ouzel Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado		File:Ouzellake.jpg\|Trees at Ouzel Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
	File:Windswept trees, Glacier National Park.jpg\|Treeline ~~"~~krümmholz~~"~~ tree at Glacier National Park, Montana		File:Windswept trees, Glacier National Park.jpg\|Treeline "krümmholz" tree at Glacier National Park, Montana
	File:Abies lasiocarpa bifolia foliage.jpg\|Foliage, Jasper NP, Alberta		File:Abies lasiocarpa bifolia foliage.jpg\|Foliage, Jasper NP, Alberta
	</gallery>		</gallery>

WikiWorks at 16:57, 17 January 2010

2010-01-17T16:57:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:57, 17 January 2010
Line 27:		Line 27:
	Native to high elevations in western US. Grows into a narrow, 60-90 foot tall steeple shaped tree in the wild under good, moist soil. In gardens it typically loses this narrow shape and height. Bluish-green needles, 1 to 1.5 inches long.		Native to high elevations in western US. Grows into a narrow, 60-90 foot tall steeple shaped tree in the wild under good, moist soil. In gardens it typically loses this narrow shape and height. Bluish-green needles, 1 to 1.5 inches long.

	It is a medium-sized [[tree]] growing to 20 m tall, exceptionally to 40-50 m tall, with a trunk up to 1 m diameter, and a very narrow conic crown. The [[bark]] on young trees is smooth, gray, and with [[resin]] blisters, becoming rough and fissured or scaly on old trees. The [[leaf\|leaves]] are flat needle-like, 1.5-~~3 cm~~ long, glaucous green above with a broad stripe of [[stomata]], and two blue-white stomatal bands below; the fresh leaf scars are reddish. They are arranged spirally on the shoot, but with the leaf bases twisted to be arranged to the sides of and above the shoot, with few or none below the shoot. The [[conifer cone\|cones]] are erect, 6-~~12 cm~~ long, dark blackish-purple with fine yellow-brown pubescence, ripening brown and disintegrating to release the winged [[seed]]s in early fall.		It is a medium-sized [[tree]] growing to 20 m tall, exceptionally to 40-50 m{{wp}} tall, with a trunk up to 1 m diameter, and a very narrow conic crown. The [[bark]] on young trees is smooth, gray, and with [[resin]] blisters, becoming rough and fissured or scaly on old trees{{wp}}. The [[leaf\|leaves]] are flat needle-like, 1.5-3 cm long, glaucous green above with a broad stripe of [[stomata]], and two blue-white stomatal bands below; the fresh leaf scars are reddish. They are arranged spirally on the shoot, but with the leaf bases twisted to be arranged to the sides of and above the shoot, with few or none below the shoot{{wp}}. The [[conifer cone\|cones]] are erect, 6-12 cm long, dark blackish-purple with fine yellow-brown pubescence, ripening brown and disintegrating to release the winged [[seed]]s in early fall{{wp}}.

	:''More information about this species can be found on the [[Abies\|genus page]].''		:''More information about this species can be found on the [[Abies\|genus page]].''
Line 41:		Line 41:

	==Varieties==		==Varieties==
	There are two to three [[taxon\|taxa]] in Subalpine Fir, treated very differently by different authors:		There are two to three [[taxon\|taxa]]{{wp}} in Subalpine Fir, treated very differently by different authors:
	*The '''Coast Range Subalpine Fir''' ''Abies lasiocarpa'' in the narrow sense, is the typical form of the species, occurring in the [[Pacific Coast Ranges]], the [[Olympic Mountains]] and the [[Cascade Range]] from southeast Alaska ([[Alaska Panhandle\|Panhandle]] mountains) south to California.		*The '''Coast Range Subalpine Fir''' ''Abies lasiocarpa'' in the narrow sense, is the typical form of the species, occurring in the [[Pacific Coast Ranges]], the [[Olympic Mountains]] and the [[Cascade Range]] from southeast Alaska ([[Alaska Panhandle\|Panhandle]] mountains) south to California{{wp}}.
	*The '''Rocky Mountains Subalpine Fir''' is very closely related and of disputed status, being variously treated as a distinct species ''Abies bifolia'', as a [[variety (biology)\|variety]] of Coast Range Subalpine Fir ''Abies lasiocarpa'' var. ''bifolia'', or not distinguished from typical ''A. lasiocarpa'' at all. It occurs in the [[Rocky Mountains]] from southeast Alaska (eastern [[Alaska Range]]) south to Colorado. It differs primarily in [[resin]] composition, and in the fresh leaf scars being yellow-brown, not reddish. The ''Flora of North America'' treats it as a distinct species (see external links, below); the [[United States Department of Agriculture\|USDA]] includes it within ''A. lasiocarpa'' without distinction.		*The '''Rocky Mountains Subalpine Fir''' is very closely related and of disputed status, being variously treated as a distinct species ''Abies bifolia'', as a [[variety (biology)\|variety]] of Coast Range Subalpine Fir ''Abies lasiocarpa'' var. ''bifolia'', or not distinguished from typical ''A. lasiocarpa'' at all{{wp}}. It occurs in the [[Rocky Mountains]] from southeast Alaska (eastern [[Alaska Range]]) south to Colorado{{wp}}. It differs primarily in [[resin]] composition, and in the fresh leaf scars being yellow-brown, not reddish{{wp}}. The ''Flora of North America'' treats it as a distinct species (see external links, below); the [[United States Department of Agriculture\|USDA]] includes it within ''A. lasiocarpa'' without distinction{{wp}}.
	*The '''Corkbark Fir''' ''Abies lasiocarpa'' var. ''arizonica'' occurs in Arizona and New Mexico. It differs in thicker, [[Cork (material)\|cork]]y [[bark]] and more strongly glaucous foliage. In resin composition it is closer to ''A. bifolia'' than to typical ''A. lasiocarpa'', though the combination "Abies bifolia var. arizonica" has not been formally published. The ''Flora of North America'' includes it within ''A. bifolia'' without distinction; the USDA treats it as a distinct variety of ''A. lasiocarpa''.		*The '''Corkbark Fir''' ''Abies lasiocarpa'' var. ''arizonica'' occurs in Arizona and New Mexico{{wp}}. It differs in thicker, [[Cork (material)\|cork]]y [[bark]] and more strongly glaucous foliage{{wp}}. In resin composition it is closer to ''A. bifolia'' than to typical ''A. lasiocarpa'', though the combination "Abies bifolia var. arizonica" has not been formally published{{wp}}. The ''Flora of North America'' includes it within ''A. bifolia'' without distinction; the USDA treats it as a distinct variety of ''A. lasiocarpa''{{wp}}.

	==Gallery==		==Gallery==

WikiWorks at 16:36, 17 January 2010

2010-01-17T16:36:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:36, 17 January 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~__NOTOC__~~{{~~Plantbox~~		{{SPlantbox
	\| ~~name~~ = ''Abies lasiocarpa''		\|familia=Pinaceae
	\| ~~common_names~~ = Coast Range Subalpine Fir~~{{SSN}}~~, Alpine Fir~~{{SSN}}~~, Rocky Mountain Fir~~{{SSN}}~~		\|genus=Abies
	\| ~~growth_habit~~ = tree		\|species=lasiocarpa
	\| ~~high~~ = ~~?m (~~60-90 ft~~{{SSN}})~~		\|common_name=Coast Range Subalpine Fir, Alpine Fir, Rocky Mountain Fir
	\| ~~wide~~ = ~~<!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->~~		\|habit=tree
	\| origin = W United States		\|Min ht box=60
	~~\| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->~~		\|Min ht metric=ft
	\| lifespan = perennial		\|Max ht box=90
	\| exposure = ~~<!--- full~~ sun, part-sun~~, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->~~		\|Max ht metric=ft
	\| water = ~~<!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->~~		\|Min wd box=10
	\| features = ~~<!--- flowers, fragrance~~, ~~fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->~~		\|Min wd metric=ft
	\| ~~hardiness~~ = ~~<!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->~~		\|Max wd box=12
	\| ~~bloom~~ = ~~<!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->~~		\|Max wd metric=ft
	\| ~~usda_zones~~ = ~~<!--- eg. 8-11 -->~~		\|origin=W United States
	\| sunset_zones = 1-9, 14-17		\|lifespan=perennial
	~~\| color = IndianRed~~		\|exposure=sun, part-sun
	\| image = ~~Upload.png <!--- Freesia~~.~~jpg -->~~		\|water=moist
	\| image_width = ~~240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->~~		\|features=evergreen, foliage
	~~\| image_caption = <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->~~		\|Temp Metric=°F
	~~\| regnum = Plantae~~		\|min_zone=5
	~~\| divisio = Pinophyta~~		\|max_zone=6
	~~\| classis = Pinopsida~~		\|sunset_zones=1-9, 14-17
	~~\| ordo = Pinales~~		\|image=Abies lasiocarpa 26011.JPG
	~~\| familia = Pinaceae~~		\|image_width=180
	~~\| genus = Abies~~
	~~\| species = lasiocarpa~~
	~~\| subspecies =~~
	~~\| cultivar =~~
	}}		}}
	Native to high elevations in western US. Grows into a narrow, 60-90 foot tall steeple shaped tree in the wild under good, moist soil. In gardens it typically loses this narrow shape and height. Bluish-green needles, 1 to 1.5 inches long.		Native to high elevations in western US. Grows into a narrow, 60-90 foot tall steeple shaped tree in the wild under good, moist soil. In gardens it typically loses this narrow shape and height. Bluish-green needles, 1 to 1.5 inches long.
	~~{{Inc\|~~
	~~Lvs. blue-green and glaucous: cones 3 in. long, with very broad spineless scales.}}~~

			It is a medium-sized [[tree]] growing to 20 m tall, exceptionally to 40-50 m tall, with a trunk up to 1 m diameter, and a very narrow conic crown. The [[bark]] on young trees is smooth, gray, and with [[resin]] blisters, becoming rough and fissured or scaly on old trees. The [[leaf\|leaves]] are flat needle-like, 1.5-3 cm long, glaucous green above with a broad stripe of [[stomata]], and two blue-white stomatal bands below; the fresh leaf scars are reddish. They are arranged spirally on the shoot, but with the leaf bases twisted to be arranged to the sides of and above the shoot, with few or none below the shoot. The [[conifer cone\|cones]] are erect, 6-12 cm long, dark blackish-purple with fine yellow-brown pubescence, ripening brown and disintegrating to release the winged [[seed]]s in early fall.

	:''More information about this species can be found on the [[Abies\|genus page]].''		:''More information about this species can be found on the [[Abies\|genus page]].''
Line 46:		Line 41:

	==Varieties==		==Varieties==
	* Abies lasiocarpa ~~var~~. ~~arizonica - Corkbark~~ Fir~~{{SSN}} — Var. arizonica~~ is a ~~form~~ from the ~~mts~~. of ~~Ariz~~, ~~with~~ thicker, ~~paler~~ and more ~~corky bark~~, the ~~result probably~~ of ~~climatic influence{{SCH}}~~.		There are two to three [[taxon\|taxa]] in Subalpine Fir, treated very differently by different authors:
			*The '''Coast Range Subalpine Fir''' ''Abies lasiocarpa'' in the narrow sense, is the typical form of the species, occurring in the [[Pacific Coast Ranges]], the [[Olympic Mountains]] and the [[Cascade Range]] from southeast Alaska ([[Alaska Panhandle\|Panhandle]] mountains) south to California.
			*The '''Rocky Mountains Subalpine Fir''' is very closely related and of disputed status, being variously treated as a distinct species ''Abies bifolia'', as a [[variety (biology)\|variety]] of Coast Range Subalpine Fir ''Abies lasiocarpa'' var. ''bifolia'', or not distinguished from typical ''A. lasiocarpa'' at all. It occurs in the [[Rocky Mountains]] from southeast Alaska (eastern [[Alaska Range]]) south to Colorado. It differs primarily in [[resin]] composition, and in the fresh leaf scars being yellow-brown, not reddish. The ''Flora of North America'' treats it as a distinct species (see external links, below); the [[United States Department of Agriculture\|USDA]] includes it within ''A. lasiocarpa'' without distinction.
			*The '''Corkbark Fir''' ''Abies lasiocarpa'' var. ''arizonica'' occurs in Arizona and New Mexico. It differs in thicker, [[Cork (material)\|cork]]y [[bark]] and more strongly glaucous foliage. In resin composition it is closer to ''A. bifolia'' than to typical ''A. lasiocarpa'', though the combination "Abies bifolia var. arizonica" has not been formally published. The ''Flora of North America'' includes it within ''A. bifolia'' without distinction; the USDA treats it as a distinct variety of ''A. lasiocarpa''.

	==Gallery==		==Gallery==
	~~{{photo-sources}}~~<~~!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the~~ gallery -->		<gallery>
			File:SubalpineFir 7458.jpg
			File:Abies lasiocarpa youngcones.jpg
			File:Abies lasiocarpa 28161.JPG
			File:Abies lasiocarpa 28151.JPG
			File:SubalpineFir 3320.jpg
			File:SubalpineFir 7753t.jpg
			File:Abies lasiocarpa 15853.JPG
			</gallery>

			''Abies lasiocarpa'' subsp. ''bifolia'' (A.Murray) Silba. Northern & central Rocky Mountains.
			<gallery>
			File:Abies lasiocarpa bifolia Picea engelmannii.jpg\|Trees, with ''[[Picea engelmannii]]'', Mount Agassiz, Uinta Mts., Utah
			File:Abies lasiocarpa bifolia Picea engelmannii2.jpg\|Trees, with ''[[Picea engelmannii]]'', Mount Agassiz, Uinta Mts., Utah
			File:Rocky Mountain Snow.JPG\|Foliage with snow, Bear Lake, [[:Category:Rocky Mountain National Park\|Rocky Mountain National Park]], Colorado
			File:Bear Lake.JPG\|Trees at Bear Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
			File:Nymph Lake.jpg\|Trees at Nymph Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
			File:Ouzellake.jpg\|Trees at Ouzel Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
			File:Windswept trees, Glacier National Park.jpg\|Treeline "krümmholz" tree at Glacier National Park, Montana
			File:Abies lasiocarpa bifolia foliage.jpg\|Foliage, Jasper NP, Alberta
			</gallery>

			''Abies lasiocarpa'' subsp. ''arizonica'' (Merriam) A.E.Murray. Southern Rocky Mountains.
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	~~Image~~:~~Upload~~.~~png~~\| ~~photo 1~~		File:Abies lasiocarpa subsp arizonica Santa Fe.jpg\|Tree, near Santa Fe, New Mexico
	~~Image~~:~~Upload~~.~~png~~\| ~~photo 2~~		File:Abies lasiocarpa arizonica1.jpg\|Trees
	~~Image~~:~~Upload~~.~~png~~\| ~~photo 3~~		File:Abies lasiocarpa arizonica2.jpg\|Trunks
			File:Abies lasiocarpa arizonica3.jpg\|Bark
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	==References==		==References==
	*Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, L.H. Bailey{{SCH}}
	<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->		<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
	~~<!--- xxxxx~~ *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 ~~-->~~		*American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432
	<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->		<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->

Line 67:		Line 86:

	{{stub}}		{{stub}}
	~~[[Category:Categorize]]~~		__NOTOC__

	~~<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! -->~~

WikiWorks: moved Subalpine Fir to Abies lasiocarpa: many common names

2010-01-17T16:28:04Z

moved Subalpine Fir to Abies lasiocarpa: many common names

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:28, 17 January 2010
(No difference)

WikiWorks: template, ss, sch

2009-03-26T19:25:40Z

template, ss, sch

New page

__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
| name = ''Abies lasiocarpa''
| common_names = Coast Range Subalpine Fir{{SSN}}, Alpine Fir{{SSN}}, Rocky Mountain Fir{{SSN}}
| growth_habit = tree
| high = ?m (60-90 ft{{SSN}})
| wide = 
| origin = W United States
| poisonous = 
| lifespan = perennial
| exposure = 
| water = 
| features = 
| hardiness = 
| bloom = 
| usda_zones = 
| sunset_zones = 1-9, 14-17
| color = IndianRed
| image = Upload.png 
| image_width = 240px 
| image_caption = 
| regnum = Plantae
| divisio = Pinophyta
| classis = Pinopsida
| ordo = Pinales
| familia = Pinaceae
| genus = Abies
| species = lasiocarpa
| subspecies =
| cultivar =
}}
Native to high elevations in western US. Grows into a narrow, 60-90 foot tall steeple shaped tree in the wild under good, moist soil. In gardens it typically loses this narrow shape and height. Bluish-green needles, 1 to 1.5 inches long.
{{Inc|
Lvs. blue-green and glaucous: cones 3 in. long, with very broad spineless scales.}}

:''More information about this species can be found on the [[Abies|genus page]].''

==Cultivation==
{{edit-cult}}

===Propagation===
{{edit-prop}}

===Pests and diseases===
{{edit-pests}}

==Varieties==
* Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica - Corkbark Fir{{SSN}} — Var. arizonica is a form from the mts. of Ariz, with thicker, paler and more corky bark, the result probably of climatic influence{{SCH}}.

==Gallery==
{{photo-sources}}

<gallery>
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
</gallery>

==References==
*Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, L.H. Bailey{{SCH}}




==External links==
*{{wplink}}

{{stub}}
[[Category:Categorize]]