Araliaceae - Revision history

WikiWorks at 04:42, 14 May 2009

2009-05-14T04:42:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:42, 14 May 2009
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			__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
			\| name = ''Araliaceae''
			\| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
			\| color = IndianRed
			\| image = Aralia elata en fleur4081.jpg
			\| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
			\| image_caption = Aralia elata
			\| regnum = Plantae
			\| divisio = Magnoliophyta
			\| classis = Magnoliopsida
			\| ordo = Apiales
			\| familia = Araliaceae
			}}
	{{Inc\|		{{Inc\|
	Araliaceae (from the genus Aralia, the meaning of which is unknown). Ginseng Family. Fig. 45. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, often prickly or climbing: stems solid, pithy: leaves usually alternate, simple, or pinnately or ternately compound: flowers bisexual or unisexual, small, regular, epigynous, commonly in umbels; sepals minute, often almost wanting; petals 5, rarely more, valvate or imbricated, sometimes cohering at the apex and deciduous as a cap; stamens usually 5, alternate with the petals, and inserted at the edge of an epigynous disk, rarely twice or thrice as many; ovary inferior, 2-15-celled; cells 1-ovuled; styles as many as the carpels: fruit a berry, rarely splitting into segments.		Araliaceae (from the genus Aralia, the meaning of which is unknown). Ginseng Family. Fig. 45. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, often prickly or climbing: stems solid, pithy: leaves usually alternate, simple, or pinnately or ternately compound: flowers bisexual or unisexual, small, regular, epigynous, commonly in umbels; sepals minute, often almost wanting; petals 5, rarely more, valvate or imbricated, sometimes cohering at the apex and deciduous as a cap; stamens usually 5, alternate with the petals, and inserted at the edge of an epigynous disk, rarely twice or thrice as many; ovary inferior, 2-15-celled; cells 1-ovuled; styles as many as the carpels: fruit a berry, rarely splitting into segments.
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	The leaves of the English ivy (Hedera Helix) were used in medicine in olden times. The roots of ginseng (Panax Ginseng and Panax quinquefolium) are much prized in China where they are carried about on the person as a charm against disease. These roots are now extensively and profitably cultivated in America for the Chinese trade. The roots of Aralia nudicaulis (American sarsaparilla) are considered a tonic. Chinese rice-paper is made from the pith of Tetrapanax papyriferum simply by cutting the pith spirally into thin sheets. Many Araliaceae are grown as ornamental plants.		The leaves of the English ivy (Hedera Helix) were used in medicine in olden times. The roots of ginseng (Panax Ginseng and Panax quinquefolium) are much prized in China where they are carried about on the person as a charm against disease. These roots are now extensively and profitably cultivated in America for the Chinese trade. The roots of Aralia nudicaulis (American sarsaparilla) are considered a tonic. Chinese rice-paper is made from the pith of Tetrapanax papyriferum simply by cutting the pith spirally into thin sheets. Many Araliaceae are grown as ornamental plants.

	Many genera are cultivated in America. Among these are: Acanthopanax; Aralia (including Spikenard, Hercules' Club or Devil's Walking-club, Wild Sarsaparilla, Bristly Sarsaparilla, Chinese Angelica Tree); Dizygotheca; Fatsia; Oreopanax; Polyscias; Pseudopanax; Hedera (English Ivy); and Panax (Ginseng).		Many genera are cultivated in America. Among these are: Acanthopanax; Aralia (including Spikenard, Hercules' Club or Devil's Walking-club, Wild Sarsaparilla, Bristly Sarsaparilla, Chinese Angelica Tree); Dizygotheca; Fatsia; Oreopanax; Polyscias; Pseudopanax; Hedera (English Ivy); and Panax (Ginseng).{{SCH}}
			}}

	~~{{SCH}}~~		synonyms =
	}}		*Botryodendraceae
			*Hydrocotylaceae

	~~{{Taxobox~~		==Genera==
	~~\| color~~ = ~~lightgreen~~		From wikipedia:
	~~\| name~~ = ~~Araliaceae~~
	~~\| image~~ = ~~Aralia elata en fleur4081.jpg~~
	~~\| image_width~~ = ~~240px~~
	~~\| image_caption = ''Aralia elata''~~
	~~\| regnum = [[Plantae]]~~
	~~\| divisio = [[Flowering plant\|Magnoliophyta]]~~
	~~\| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]~~
	~~\| ordo = [[Apiales]]~~
	~~\| familia = '''Araliaceae'''~~
	~~\| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu\|Juss.]]~~
	~~\| synonyms =~~
	*Botryodendraceae <small>[[J.Agardh]]</small>
	*Hydrocotylaceae <small>([[Drude]]) [[Hyl.]]</small>, nom. cons.
	~~\| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies and genera~~
	~~\| subdivision =~~
	*Subfamily [[Aralioideae]]		*Subfamily [[Aralioideae]]
	**''[[Anakasia]]''		**''[[Anakasia]]''
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	**''[[Platysace]]''		**''[[Platysace]]''
	**''[[Xanthosia]]''		**''[[Xanthosia]]''
	}}

	~~'''Araliaceae''' is a family of [[flowering plant]]s, also known as the '''Aralia family''' (after its [[type genus]] ''[[Aralia]]'')~~ or '''[[Hedera\|Ivy]] family'''. The family includes 254 species of [[tree]]s, [[shrub]]s, [[liana]]s and perennial [[herbaceous]] plants into 2 subfamilies. Species usually bear [[pinnate]]ly or [[palmate]]ly compound leaves, and usually have small flowers produced in ~~large panicles.~~		==Gallery==
			{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery -->

	~~The family is closely related to [[Apiaceae]] and [[Pittosporaceae]], and the boundaries between these families and other members of [[Apiales]] are still uncertain~~. ~~Some recent systems included Araliaceae in an expanded Apiaceae but this has not been widely followed~~. Molecular phylogenies suggest that at least some of the genera traditionally included in Apiaceae as subfamily Hydrocotyloideae appear to be more closely related to Araliaceae, and the inclusion of ''[[Hydrocotyle]]'' and ''[[Trachymene]]'' in Araliaceae has been recommended (Chandler & Plunkett 2004).		<gallery>
			Image:Upload.png\| photo 1
			Image:Upload.png\| photo 2
			Image:Upload.png\| photo 3
			</gallery>

	~~The generic level classification of Araliaceae has been unstable; in particular, numerous genera have been synonymized under ''~~[[~~Schefflera~~]]''. ~~Recent molecular phylogenies have shown that this large pantropical genus is polyphyletic and it is likely that it will be divided once again into several genera in the near future~~.		==References==
			*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

	==~~References and external~~ links==		==External links==
	*Chandler, G.T. and G. M. Plunkett. 2004. Evolution in Apiales: nuclear and chloroplast markers together in (almost) perfect harmony. ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 144: 123-147 ([http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2003.00247.x abstract]).		*{{wplink}}
	*Frodin, D. G. and R. Govaerts. 2004. World Checklist and Bibliography of Araliaceae. Kew Publishing.
	*Plunkett, G.M., Soltis, D.E. & Soltis, P.S. 1997. Clarification of the relationship between Apiaceae and Araliaceae based on MATK and RBCL sequence data. ''American Journal of Botany'' 84: 565-580 (available [http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/84/4/565.pdf online]; pdf file).
	*Wen, J., G. M. Plunkett, A. D. Mitchell, and S.J. Wagstaff. 2001. The Evolution of Araliaceae: A Phylogenetic Analysis Based on ITS Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA. ''Systematic Botany'' 26: 144–167 ([http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-document&issn=0363-6445&volume=026&issue=01&page=0144 abstract]).
	*[http://www.people.vcu.edu/~gmplunke/aral/ Araliaceae Resource Center]

			{{stub}}
			[[Category:Categorize]]
	[[Category:Plant families]]		[[Category:Plant families]]
	[[Category:Araliaceae\| ]]		[[Category:Araliaceae\| ]]

Irenet at 03:32, 13 May 2009

2009-05-13T03:32:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:32, 13 May 2009
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			{{Inc\|
			Araliaceae (from the genus Aralia, the meaning of which is unknown). Ginseng Family. Fig. 45. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, often prickly or climbing: stems solid, pithy: leaves usually alternate, simple, or pinnately or ternately compound: flowers bisexual or unisexual, small, regular, epigynous, commonly in umbels; sepals minute, often almost wanting; petals 5, rarely more, valvate or imbricated, sometimes cohering at the apex and deciduous as a cap; stamens usually 5, alternate with the petals, and inserted at the edge of an epigynous disk, rarely twice or thrice as many; ovary inferior, 2-15-celled; cells 1-ovuled; styles as many as the carpels: fruit a berry, rarely splitting into segments.

			Fifty-one genera and about 400 species are distributed in tropical and temperate regions of both hemispheres. The two great centers of distribution are tropical America and the Malay Peninsula. The family is very closely related to the Umbelliferae, but differs in the berry-like fruit with more numerous carpels.

			The leaves of the English ivy (Hedera Helix) were used in medicine in olden times. The roots of ginseng (Panax Ginseng and Panax quinquefolium) are much prized in China where they are carried about on the person as a charm against disease. These roots are now extensively and profitably cultivated in America for the Chinese trade. The roots of Aralia nudicaulis (American sarsaparilla) are considered a tonic. Chinese rice-paper is made from the pith of Tetrapanax papyriferum simply by cutting the pith spirally into thin sheets. Many Araliaceae are grown as ornamental plants.

			Many genera are cultivated in America. Among these are: Acanthopanax; Aralia (including Spikenard, Hercules' Club or Devil's Walking-club, Wild Sarsaparilla, Bristly Sarsaparilla, Chinese Angelica Tree); Dizygotheca; Fatsia; Oreopanax; Polyscias; Pseudopanax; Hedera (English Ivy); and Panax (Ginseng).

			{{SCH}}
			}}

	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen

MediaWiki default at 14:22, 1 October 2007

2007-10-01T14:22:44Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Araliaceae
| image = Aralia elata en fleur4081.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Aralia elata''
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Apiales]]
| familia = '''Araliaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
| synonyms =
*Botryodendraceae <small>[[J.Agardh]]</small>
*Hydrocotylaceae <small>([[Drude]]) [[Hyl.]]</small>, nom. cons.
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies and genera
| subdivision =
*Subfamily [[Aralioideae]]
**''[[Anakasia]]''
**''[[Apiopetalum]]''
**''[[Aralia]]''
**''[[Arthrophyllum]]''
**''[[Astrotricha]]''
**''[[Boninofatsia]]''
**''[[Brassaiopsis]]''
**''[[Cephalaralia]]''
**''[[Cheirodendron]]''
**''[[Cromapanax]]''
**''[[Cuphocarpus]]''
**''[[Cussonia]]''
**''[[Dendropanax]]''
**''[[Eleutherococcus]]''
**×''[[Fatshedera]]''
**''[[Fatsia]]''
**''[[Gamblea]]''
**''[[Gastonia (plant)|Gastonia]]''
**''[[Harmsiopanax]]''
**''[[Hedera]]''
**''[[Heteropanax]]''
**''[[Hunaniopanax]]''
**''[[Kalopanax]]''
**''[[Mackinlaya]]''
**''[[Macropanax]]''
**''[[Megalopanax]]''
**''[[Merrilliopanax]]''
**''[[Meryta]]''
**''[[Metapanax]]''
**''[[Motherwellia]]''
**''[[Munroidendron]]''
**''[[Oplopanax]]''
**''[[Oreopanax]]''
**''[[Osmoxylon]]''
**''[[Ginseng|Panax]]''
**''[[Polyscias]]''
**''[[Pseudopanax]]''
**''[[Pseudosciadium]]''
**''[[Raukaua]]''
**''[[Reynoldsia]]''
**''[[Schefflera]]''
**''[[Sciadodendron]]''
**''[[Seemannaralia]]''
**''[[Sinopanax]]''
**''[[Stilbocarpa]]''
**''[[Tetrapanax]]''
**''[[Tetraplasandra]]''
**''[[Trevesia]]''
**''[[Woodburnia]]''
*Subfamily [[Hydrocotyloideae]]
**''[[Azorella]]''
**''[[Centella]]''
**''[[Hydrocotyle]]''
**''[[Platysace]]''
**''[[Xanthosia]]''
}}

'''Araliaceae''' is a family of [[flowering plant]]s, also known as the '''Aralia family''' (after its [[type genus]] ''[[Aralia]]'') or '''[[Hedera|Ivy]] family'''. The family includes 254 species of [[tree]]s, [[shrub]]s, [[liana]]s and perennial [[herbaceous]] plants into 2 subfamilies. Species usually bear [[pinnate]]ly or [[palmate]]ly compound leaves, and usually have small flowers produced in large panicles.

The family is closely related to [[Apiaceae]] and [[Pittosporaceae]], and the boundaries between these families and other members of [[Apiales]] are still uncertain. Some recent systems included Araliaceae in an expanded Apiaceae but this has not been widely followed. Molecular phylogenies suggest that at least some of the genera traditionally included in Apiaceae as subfamily Hydrocotyloideae appear to be more closely related to Araliaceae, and the inclusion of ''[[Hydrocotyle]]'' and ''[[Trachymene]]'' in Araliaceae has been recommended (Chandler & Plunkett 2004).

The generic level classification of Araliaceae has been unstable; in particular, numerous genera have been synonymized under ''[[Schefflera]]''. Recent molecular phylogenies have shown that this large pantropical genus is polyphyletic and it is likely that it will be divided once again into several genera in the near future.

==References and external links==
*Chandler, G.T. and G. M. Plunkett. 2004. Evolution in Apiales: nuclear and chloroplast markers together in (almost) perfect harmony. ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 144: 123-147 ([http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2003.00247.x abstract]).
*Frodin, D. G. and R. Govaerts. 2004. World Checklist and Bibliography of Araliaceae. Kew Publishing.
*Plunkett, G.M., Soltis, D.E. & Soltis, P.S. 1997. Clarification of the relationship between Apiaceae and Araliaceae based on MATK and RBCL sequence data. ''American Journal of Botany'' 84: 565-580 (available [http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/84/4/565.pdf online]; pdf file).
*Wen, J., G. M. Plunkett, A. D. Mitchell, and S.J. Wagstaff. 2001. The Evolution of Araliaceae: A Phylogenetic Analysis Based on ITS Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA. ''Systematic Botany'' 26: 144–167 ([http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-document&issn=0363-6445&volume=026&issue=01&page=0144 abstract]).
*[http://www.people.vcu.edu/~gmplunke/aral/ Araliaceae Resource Center]

[[Category:Plant families]]
[[Category:Araliaceae| ]]