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	<id>https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Centaurea</id>
	<title>Centaurea - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-10T13:11:52Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Centaurea&amp;diff=26744&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>WikiWorks at 21:04, 17 June 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Centaurea&amp;diff=26744&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-06-17T21:04:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 21:04, 17 June 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Inc|&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Centaurea (a Centaur, famous for healing). Compositae. Centaury. Dusty Miller. Bachelor&#039;s button. Cornflower. Knapweed. Annuals or hardy and half-hardy perennials with alternate leaves, useful for bedding, vases; baskets and pots, and for borders and edgings; species many and various.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Involucre ovoid or globose, stiff and hard, sometimes prickly: receptacle bristly: marginal florets usually sterile and elongated, making the head look as if rayed. Differs from Cnicus in having the achenes obliquely attached by one side of the base or more laterally -Species about 500, much confused, mostly in Eu., Asia and N. Afr., 1 in. N. Amer., 3 or 4 in Chile. Several Old World species have become weeds in this country. J.H. 43:76. The species are of simple cult., coming readily from seeds. Many of the perennial species make excellent border plants, and their blue and purple heads are welcome additions to the horde of yellow-flowering composites.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C. alpine, Linn. Lvs. downy beneath, prickly: fl.-heads yellow; scales of  involucres ovate, obtuse: hardy herb, 3 ft., from Eu., sometimes seen in collections.―C. erophora, Linn. A low plant with a spiny calyx and silvery lvs., is cult. In England. Not known in Amer. ―C. pulcherrima, Willd. (Aetheopappus pulcherrimus, Hort.). A stout hardy perennial about 2½ ft. with brilliant rose fls. Is known in the trade. ―C&amp;gt; rigidifolia, Hort. Stout perennial, 2½ ft., with crimson heads is apparently C. orientalis. Linn. — Not much known in U.S. N. Taylor.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__{{Plantbox&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__{{Plantbox&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| name = &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Centaurea&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| name = &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Centaurea&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l36&quot;&gt;Line 36:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 29:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| cultivar =  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| cultivar =  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;edit&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;desc}}&amp;lt;!&lt;/del&gt;--- &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Type GENERAL genus/&lt;/del&gt;plant &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;description below this line&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;then delete this entire line --&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Inc|&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Centaurea (a Centaur, famous for healing). Compositae. Centaury. Dusty Miller. Bachelor&#039;s button. Cornflower. Knapweed. Annuals or hardy and half&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hardy perennials with alternate leaves, useful for bedding, vases; baskets and pots, and for borders and edgings; species many and various.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Involucre ovoid or globose, stiff and hard, sometimes prickly: receptacle bristly: marginal florets usually sterile and elongated, making the head look as if rayed. Differs from Cnicus in having the achenes obliquely attached by one side of the base or more laterally &lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Species about 500, much confused, mostly in Eu., Asia and N. Afr., 1 in. N. Amer., 3 or 4 in Chile. Several Old World species have become weeds in this country. J.H. 43:76. The species are of simple cult., coming readily from seeds. Many of the perennial species make excellent border plants, and their blue and purple heads are welcome additions to the horde of yellow&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;flowering composites.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C. alpine, Linn. Lvs. downy beneath, prickly: fl.&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;heads yellow; scales of  involucres ovate, obtuse: hardy herb, 3 ft., from Eu., sometimes seen in collections.―C. erophora, Linn. A low &lt;/ins&gt;plant &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;with a spiny calyx and silvery lvs., is cult. In England. Not known in Amer. ―C. pulcherrima, Willd. (Aetheopappus pulcherrimus, Hort.). A stout hardy perennial about 2½ ft. with brilliant rose fls. Is known in the trade. ―C. rigidifolia, Hort. Stout perennial, 2½ ft.&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;with crimson heads is apparently C. orientalis. Linn. — Not much known in U.S. {{SCH}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Cultivation==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Cultivation==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>WikiWorks</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Centaurea&amp;diff=26588&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Silparaja at 14:58, 16 June 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Centaurea&amp;diff=26588&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-06-16T14:58:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:58, 16 June 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l4&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Involucre ovoid or globose, stiff and hard, sometimes prickly: receptacle bristly: marginal florets usually sterile and elongated, making the head look as if rayed. Differs from Cnicus in having the achenes obliquely attached by one side of the base or more laterally -Species about 500, much confused, mostly in Eu., Asia and N. Afr., 1 in. N. Amer., 3 or 4 in Chile. Several Old World species have become weeds in this country. J.H. 43:76. The species are of simple cult., coming readily from seeds. Many of the perennial species make excellent border plants, and their blue and purple heads are welcome additions to the horde of yellow-flowering composites.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Involucre ovoid or globose, stiff and hard, sometimes prickly: receptacle bristly: marginal florets usually sterile and elongated, making the head look as if rayed. Differs from Cnicus in having the achenes obliquely attached by one side of the base or more laterally -Species about 500, much confused, mostly in Eu., Asia and N. Afr., 1 in. N. Amer., 3 or 4 in Chile. Several Old World species have become weeds in this country. J.H. 43:76. The species are of simple cult., coming readily from seeds. Many of the perennial species make excellent border plants, and their blue and purple heads are welcome additions to the horde of yellow-flowering composites.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C. alpine, Linn. Lvs. downy beneath, prickly: fl.-heads yellow; scales of  involucres ovate, obtuse: hardy herb, 3 ft., from Eu., sometimes seen in collections.―C. erophora, Linn. A low plant with a spiny calyx and silvery lvs., is cult. In England. Not known in Amer. ―C. pulcherrima, Willd. (Aetheopappus pulcherrimus, Hort.). A stout hardy perennial about 2½ ft. with brilliant rose fls. Is known in the trade. ―C&amp;gt; rigidifolia, Hort. Stout perennial, 2½ ft., with crimson heads is apparently C. orientalis. Linn. — Not much known in U.S. N. Taylor.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__{{Plantbox&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__{{Plantbox&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Silparaja</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Centaurea&amp;diff=26569&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Silparaja at 14:49, 16 June 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Centaurea&amp;diff=26569&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-06-16T14:49:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:49, 16 June 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Inc|&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Centaurea (a Centaur, famous for healing). Compositae. Centaury. Dusty Miller. Bachelor&#039;s button. Cornflower. Knapweed. Annuals or hardy and half-hardy perennials with alternate leaves, useful for bedding, vases; baskets and pots, and for borders and edgings; species many and various.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Involucre ovoid or globose, stiff and hard, sometimes prickly: receptacle bristly: marginal florets usually sterile and elongated, making the head look as if rayed. Differs from Cnicus in having the achenes obliquely attached by one side of the base or more laterally -Species about 500, much confused, mostly in Eu., Asia and N. Afr., 1 in. N. Amer., 3 or 4 in Chile. Several Old World species have become weeds in this country. J.H. 43:76. The species are of simple cult., coming readily from seeds. Many of the perennial species make excellent border plants, and their blue and purple heads are welcome additions to the horde of yellow-flowering composites.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__{{Plantbox&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__{{Plantbox&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| name = &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Centaurea&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| name = &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Centaurea&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Silparaja</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Centaurea&amp;diff=19417&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>WikiWorks: new</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Centaurea&amp;diff=19417&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-03-24T01:02:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;new&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__{{Plantbox&lt;br /&gt;
| name = &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Centaurea&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| common_names =     &amp;lt;!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| growth_habit =     &amp;lt;!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| high =     &amp;lt;!--- 1m (3 ft) --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| wide =     &amp;lt;!--- 65cm (25 inches) --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| origin =     &amp;lt;!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| poisonous =     &amp;lt;!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| lifespan =     &amp;lt;!--- perennial, annual, etc --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| exposure =     &amp;lt;!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| water =     &amp;lt;!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| features =     &amp;lt;!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| hardiness =     &amp;lt;!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| bloom =     &amp;lt;!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| usda_zones =     &amp;lt;!--- eg. 8-11 --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| sunset_zones =     &amp;lt;!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| color = IndianRed&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Upload.png   &amp;lt;!--- Freesia.jpg --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| image_width = 240px    &amp;lt;!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption =     &amp;lt;!--- eg. Cultivated freesias --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| regnum = Plantae  &amp;lt;!--- Kingdom --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| divisio =   &amp;lt;!--- Phylum --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| classis =    &amp;lt;!--- Class --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| ordo =    &amp;lt;!--- Order --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| familia =    &amp;lt;!--- Family --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| genus = Centaurea&lt;br /&gt;
| species = &lt;br /&gt;
| subspecies = &lt;br /&gt;
| cultivar = &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{edit-desc}}&amp;lt;!--- Type GENERAL genus/plant description below this line, then delete this entire line --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Cultivation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{monthbox&lt;br /&gt;
| color = IndianRed&lt;br /&gt;
| name = &amp;lt;!--- type name of plant just to the right of the equal sign on the left --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| jan =&lt;br /&gt;
| feb =&lt;br /&gt;
| mar =&lt;br /&gt;
| apr =&lt;br /&gt;
| may =&lt;br /&gt;
| jun =&lt;br /&gt;
| jul =&lt;br /&gt;
| aug =&lt;br /&gt;
| sep =&lt;br /&gt;
| oct =&lt;br /&gt;
| nov =&lt;br /&gt;
| dec =&lt;br /&gt;
| notes =&lt;br /&gt;
}} &lt;br /&gt;
{{edit-cult}}&amp;lt;!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Propagation===&lt;br /&gt;
{{edit-prop}}&amp;lt;!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Pests and diseases===&lt;br /&gt;
{{edit-pests}}&amp;lt;!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Species==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--  Usually in list format like this:    --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--  *&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Freesia alba]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--  *&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Freesia laxa]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (syn. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Anomatheca laxa&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Lapeirousia laxa&amp;#039;&amp;#039;)  --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Gallery==&lt;br /&gt;
{{photo-sources}}&amp;lt;!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Image:Upload.png| photo 1&lt;br /&gt;
Image:Upload.png| photo 2&lt;br /&gt;
Image:Upload.png| photo 3&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener&amp;#039;s Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*{{wplink}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{stub}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Categorize]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    --&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>WikiWorks</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>