https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=EpidendroideaeEpidendroideae - Revision history2026-04-10T06:46:07ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.0https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Epidendroideae&diff=5192&oldid=prevMediaWiki default at 13:53, 23 June 20072007-06-23T13:53:16Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Taxobox<br />
| color = lightgreen<br />
| name = Epidendroid orchids<br />
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae<br />
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]<br />
| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]<br />
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]<br />
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]<br />
| subfamilia = '''Epidendroideae'''<br />
| subdivision_ranks = Tribes<br />
| subdivision = <br />
See text.<br />
}}<br />
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The '''Epidendroideae''', or epidendroid [[orchid]]s, are a [[subfamily]] of the orchid family ([[Orchidaceae]]).<br />
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The former subfamily [[Vandoideae]] has become a specialised [[cladistics|clade]] within a more broadly defined Epidendroideae.<br />
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This is the largest subfamily, larger than all the other orchid subfamilies together. It comprises more than 15,000 [[species]] in 576 genera. <br />
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Most are tropical [[epiphyte]]s (usually with [[pseudobulb]]s), but some are [[terrestrial plant |terrestrial]]s and even a few [[myco-heterotrophs]], which are [[parasitic]] upon [[mycorrhizal]] [[fungi]].<br />
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They typically contain the remaining orchids with a single, fertile [[anther]] ( = monandrous), which is also fully incumbent(= strongly convex) to suberect (= ascending towards the edges). The anther form arises from [[column (botany)|column]] elongation or, as in the vandoids, from early anther bending. The incumbent anther forms a right angle with the column axis or is pointed backward in many genera. <br />
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Most have hard [[pollinium|pollinia]], i.e. a mass of waxy [[pollen]] or of coherent pollen grains. The pollinia are with [[caudicle]] and [[viscidium]] or without.<br />
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The [[carpel|stigma]] are entire or 3-lobed; a [[rostellum|beak]] is present. The apical part of the muiddle stigma lobe forms a [[stipe (botany)|stipe]] ( = pollinium stalk).<br />
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The [[ovary (plants)|ovary]] is 1-locular.<br />
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The [[Leaf|leaves]] are distichous or spiraling, growing on thickened [[Plant stem|stems]].<br />
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The Epidendroideae are difficult to classify. They have been divided in “lower epidendroids” and “higher epidendroids”.<br />
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The lower epidendroids are [[paraphyletic]] and contain the following tribes: <br />
* [[Sobralliinae]]<br />
* [[Neottieae]]<br />
* [[Palmorchideae]]<br />
* [[Tropidieae]]<br />
* [[Diceratostelae]]<br />
* [[Triphoreae]]<br />
* [[Nervilieae]]<br />
* [[Gastrodieae]] (achlorophyllous)<br />
* and the anomalous genus [[Xerorchis]]<br />
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The higher epidendroids are partly [[monophyletic]] and partly [[polyphyletic]] (tribes [[Arethuseae]] and [[Epidendreae]]).<br />
* [[Maxillarieae]]<br />
* [[Cymbidieae]]<br />
* [[Vandeae]]<br />
* [[Epidendreae]] II<br />
* [[Calypsoeae]] (problematic, difficult to classify)<br />
* [[Dendrobieae]]<br />
* [[Malaxideae]]<br />
* [[Podochileae]]<br />
* [[Epidendreae]] I<br />
* [[Arethuseae]]<br />
* [[Coelogyneae]]<br />
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This classification has a rather ephemeral nature. Changes are likely to occur as new data become known.<br />
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==External links==<br />
*[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/86/2/208 A phylogenetic analysis of the Orchidaceae - evidence from ''rbcL'' nucleotide sequences]<br />
*[http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/orchidatol/pd/orchidATOLpd.htm Orchid Tree : a phylogeny of epiphytes on the tree of life]<br />
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[[Category:Orchids]]</div>MediaWiki default