WikiWorks at 14:50, 9 April 2007

2007-04-09T14:50:22Z

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{{Boxboxtop|Gardens Around the World|right}}
[[Image:Butchart gardens.JPG|thumb|250px|right|An exceptionally large garden in [[Canada]].]]
[[Image:Kuekenhoff 001.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Keukenhof]] tulip garden in [[Lisse]], [[Netherlands]].]]
[[image:garden.fountain.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Part of a garden in [[Bristol]], [[England]].]]
[[Image:Garden.zoo-Bristol.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A flower bed in the gardens of [[Bristol Zoo]], England.]]
[[Image:Checkered garden in Tours, France.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Checkered flower bed in [[Tours]], [[France]].]]
[[Image:Lightmatter gardenflowers.jpg|thumb|250px|A [[flower garden]].]]
[[Image:RyoanJi-Dry_garden.jpg|thumb|250px|Zen garden at [[Ryōan-ji]].]]
[[Image:Japan Tottori KannonIn DSC01907.jpg|thumb|250px|The garden of a [[Japan]]ese [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] temple.]]
[[Image:French Formal Garden in Loire Valley.JPG|thumb|250px|[[French formal garden]] in the [[Loire Valley]].]]
[[Image:Bahai Gardens Haifa.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Terraces (Bahá'í)|Bahá'í Gardens]] in [[Haifa]], [[Israel]].]]
[[Image:Parco di Castello 5.JPG|thumb|250px|Villa di Castello, one of the finest and oldest examples of Italian garden, in [[Florence]], [[Italy]].]]
[[Image:Pt-ctb-jardimpaco.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Castelo Branco]], [[Portugal]].]]
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A '''garden''' is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of [[plants]] and other forms of [[nature]]. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. The most common form is known as a [[residential garden]]. Western gardens are almost universally based around plants. [[Zoo]]s, which display wild animals in simulated natural habitats, were formerly called ''zoological gardens''. Some traditional types of eastern gardens, such as [[Japanese rock garden|Zen gardens]], use plants sparsely or not at all. Food-producing gardens are distinguished from [[farm]]s by their smaller scale, more labor-intensive methods, and their purpose (enjoyment of a hobby rather than produce for sale). The [[gardening]] article discusses the differences and similarities between gardens and farms in greater detail.

'''[[Gardening]]''' is the activity of growing and maintaining the garden. This work is done by an amateur or professional [[gardener]]. A gardener might also work in a non-garden setting, such as a park, a roadside embankment, or other [[public space]]. [[Landscape architecture]] is a related professional activity with [[landscape architect]]s tending to specialise in design for public and corporate clients.

==Garden planning and design==

'''Garden planning''' and '''[[garden design]]''' may be undertaken by a professional. A [[landscape architect]] is a professional who can plan and realise outdoor spaces. A [[garden designer]] is usually trained to plan and realise residential gardens.

The planner must give consideration to many factors:

* Purpose
* Existing conditions
* Financial constraints
* Maintenance implications

==Elements of a garden==

The elements of a garden consist of natural conditions and materials, as well as man-made elements:

Natural conditions and materials:

* [[Soil]]
* [[Rock (geology)|Rocks]]
* [[Light]] conditions
* [[Wind]]
* [[Rain|Precipitation]]
* [[Earth's atmosphere|Air]] quality
** [[Pollution]]
** Proximity to [[ocean]] (salinity)
* Plant materials

Man-made elements:

* [[Terrace (gardening)|Terrace]], patio, deck
* Paths
* [[Lighting]]
* Raised beds
* Outdoor [[art]]/[[sculpture]], such as [[Gazebo]]s
* Pool, [[water garden]], or other water elements

==Uses for the garden space ==

A garden can have many purposes— aesthetic, functional, and recreational. Uses for the garden space are:

* Cooperation with nature
** [[Plant]] [[cultivation]]
* Observance of nature
** [[Bird]]- and [[insect]]-watching
** Reflection on the changing [[season]]s
* Relaxation
** Family dinners on the terrace
** Children playing in the yard
** Reading and relaxing in the hammock
** Maintaining the flowerbeds
** Pottering in the [[shed]]
** Basking in wa
rm [[sun]]shine
** Escaping oppressive sunlight and heat
* Growing useful produce
** Flowers to cut and bring inside for indoor beauty
** Fresh herbs and vegetables for cooking

==Types of gardens==

Gardens may feature a particular plant or plant type:

* [[Cactus garden]]
* [[Fernery]]
* [[Flower garden]]
* [[Herb garden]]
* [[Lawn]]
* [http://mgardens.org]Mary garden
* [[Orangery]]
* [[Orchard]]
* [[Rose garden]]
* [[Vegetable garden]]
* [[White garden]]
* [[Winter garden]]
* [[Wildflower garden]]

Gardens may feature a particular style or aesthetic:

* [[French formal garden]]
* [[English landscape garden]]
* Alpine or [[rock garden]]
* [[Bonsai]] or miniature garden
* [[Chinese garden]]
* Geometric garden
* Informal garden
* [[Japanese garden]]
* Naturalistic garden
* [[Persian garden]]
* [[Trial garden]]
* [[Tropical garden]]
* [[Water garden]]
* [[Wild garden]]
* [[Xeriscaping]]
* [[Zen garden]]
* [[Dutch garden]]
* Children's Garden

Gardens may function in a particular manner:

* [[Botanical garden]]
* [[Communal garden]]
* [[Community garden]]
* [[Cottage garden]]
* [[Cutting garden]]
* [[Forest garden]]
* [[Raised bed gardening]]
* [[Residential garden]]
* [[Roof garden]]
* [[Sacred garden]]
* [[Square foot gardening|Square foot garden]]
* [[Vertical garden]]
* Water or soil-less gardening ([[hydroponics]])
* [[Walled garden]]
* [[Windowbox]]
* [[Zoological garden]]

== Watering gardens ==

See [[rainwater]], [[hand pump]], [[tap water]] and [[drip irrigation]].

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==History of gardening==

See ''[[history of gardening]]''.

==Gardens in literature==

* [[Asemic]] Writing
* [[Garden of Eden|The Garden of Eden]]
*[http://www.allartclassic.com/pictures_zoom.php?p_number=93&p=3&number=MOC166 Garden View ]
* ''[[Romance of the Rose]]''
* [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'s short-story "[[Rappaccini's Daughter]]"
* [[Frances Hodgson Burnett]]'s ''[[The Secret Garden]]''
* ''[[Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil]]''
* [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]'s [[opera]] ''[[La Finta Giardiniera]]''
* [[John Steinbeck]]'s short-story "[[The Chrysanthemums]]"
* [[Ernest Hemingway]]'s [[The Gardener]]

==Other similar spaces==

Other outdoor spaces that are similar to gardens include:

* A [[landscape]] is an outdoor space of a larger scale, natural or designed, usually unenclosed and considered from a distance.
* A [[park]] is a planned outdoor space, usually enclosed ('imparked') and of a larger size. [[Public park]]s are for public use.
* An [[arboretum]] is a planned outdoor space, usually large, for the display and study of [[tree]]s.
* A [[farm]] or [[orchard]] is for the production of [[food]] stuff.
* A [[botanical garden]] is a type of garden where plants are grown both for scientific purposes and for the enjoyment and education of visitors.
* A zoological garden, or [[zoo]] for short, is a place where wild animals are cared for and exhibited to the public.

==See also==

{{commons|Garden}}
* [[Persian Gardens]]
* [[Garden design]]

* [[Garden designer]]
* [[Garden tourism]]
* [[List of botanical gardens]]
* [[List of companion plants]]
* [[List of gardens|List of public gardens]]
* [[History of gardening]]
* [[Paradise garden]]
* [[Lawn & Garden Yellow Pages]]

[[Category:Gardening]]
[[Category:Landscape]]

Garden - Revision history

WikiWorks at 14:50, 9 April 2007