Lolium perenne - Revision history

WikiWorks at 14:54, 13 December 2009

2009-12-13T14:54:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:54, 13 December 2009
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	{{SPlantbox		{{SPlantbox
			\|familia=Poaceae
	\|genus=Lolium		\|genus=Lolium
	\|species=perenne		\|species=perenne
			\|common_name=Ryegrass
			\|habit=grass
	\|Min ht metric=cm		\|Min ht metric=cm
			\|lifespan=perennial
	\|Temp Metric=°F		\|Temp Metric=°F
	\|image=~~Upload~~.~~png~~		\|image=Lolium.perenne1web.jpg
	\|image_width=240		\|image_width=240
			\|image_caption=Perennial Ryegrass
	}}		}}
	~~{{Inc\|~~
	~~Lolium perenne, Linn. Perennial Rye-Grass. One to 3 ft. high, with shining lvs. and slender spike, 4-10 in. long: spikelets 8-16-fld., awnless or only short-awned. Dept. Agric., Div. Agrost. 7:301.~~
	}}

	~~{{Taxobox~~
	~~\| color = lightgreen~~
	~~\| name = Ryegrass~~
	~~\| image = Lolium.perenne1web.jpg~~
	~~\| image_width = 250px~~
	~~\| image_caption = Perennial Ryegrass (''Lolium perenne'')~~
	~~\| regnum = [[Plant]]ae~~
	~~\| divisio = [[Flowering plant\|Magnoliophyta]]~~
	~~\| classis = [[Liliopsida]]~~
	~~\| ordo = [[Poales]]~~
	~~\| familia = [[Poaceae]]~~
	~~\| genus = [[Lolium]]~~
	~~\| species = '''''L. perenne'''''~~
	~~\| binomial = ''Lolium perenne''~~
	~~\| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus\|L.]]~~
	}}

	'''Perennial Ryegrass''' (''Lolium perenne'') is a [[grass]] from the family [[Poaceae]]. It is native to [[Europe]], [[Asia]] and northern [[Africa]], but is widely cultivated and naturalised around the world.		'''Perennial Ryegrass''' (''Lolium perenne'') is a [[grass]] from the family [[Poaceae]]. It is native to [[Europe]], [[Asia]] and northern [[Africa]], but is widely cultivated and naturalised around the world.

	~~==Description==~~

	Perennial ryegrass is a low-growing, tufted, hairless grass, lacking [[stolon]]s or [[rhizome]]s. The leaves are dark green, smooth and glossy, with untoothed parallel sides and prominent parallel veins on the upper surface. The leaves are folded lengthwise in bud (unlike the rolled leaves of Italian ryegrass, ''Lolium multiflorum'') with a strong central keel. The [[ligule]] is very short and truncate, often difficult to see, and small white auricles grip the stem at the base of the leaf blade. Leaf sheaths at the base are usually tinged pink.		Perennial ryegrass is a low-growing, tufted, hairless grass, lacking [[stolon]]s or [[rhizome]]s. The leaves are dark green, smooth and glossy, with untoothed parallel sides and prominent parallel veins on the upper surface. The leaves are folded lengthwise in bud (unlike the rolled leaves of Italian ryegrass, ''Lolium multiflorum'') with a strong central keel. The [[ligule]] is very short and truncate, often difficult to see, and small white auricles grip the stem at the base of the leaf blade. Leaf sheaths at the base are usually tinged pink.
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	The [[inflorescence]] is unbranched, with spikelets on alternating sides edgeways-on to the stem. Each spikelet has only a single glume, on the side away from the stem, and multiple fertile florets without [[awn (botany)\|awn]]s. Perennial ryegrass has a fibrous root system, with thick main roots and thinner lateral branches. Roots are usually [[arbuscular mycorrhiza]]l.		The [[inflorescence]] is unbranched, with spikelets on alternating sides edgeways-on to the stem. Each spikelet has only a single glume, on the side away from the stem, and multiple fertile florets without [[awn (botany)\|awn]]s. Perennial ryegrass has a fibrous root system, with thick main roots and thinner lateral branches. Roots are usually [[arbuscular mycorrhiza]]l.

	~~==Cultivation~~ and ~~uses==~~		{{Inc\|
			Lolium perenne, Linn. Perennial Rye-Grass. One to 3 ft. high, with shining lvs. and slender spike, 4-10 in. long: spikelets 8-16-fld., awnless or only short-awned. Dept. Agric., Div. Agrost. 7:301.
			}}

			==Cultivation==
	Perennial ryegrass is an important pasture and forage plant, and is used in many pasture seed mixes. In fertile soil it produces a high grass yield, and in Britain and Ireland is frequently sown for short-term ley grassland, often with red or white [[clover]] (Trifolium).		Perennial ryegrass is an important pasture and forage plant, and is used in many pasture seed mixes. In fertile soil it produces a high grass yield, and in Britain and Ireland is frequently sown for short-term ley grassland, often with red or white [[clover]] (Trifolium).

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	Yearly overseeding might be needed to replace damaged grass caused by excesive heat during the summer. Maximun daytime temperature should not reach 90 F on a regular basis. Night time temperatures should hover around 68 F or less.		Yearly overseeding might be needed to replace damaged grass caused by excesive heat during the summer. Maximun daytime temperature should not reach 90 F on a regular basis. Night time temperatures should hover around 68 F or less.

			===Propagation===
			<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->

			===Pests and diseases===
			<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->

			==Species==
			<!-- This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc -->

			==Gallery==
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	Image:Engels raaigras (Lolium perenne).jpg\|<center>Single plant</center>		Image:Engels raaigras (Lolium perenne).jpg\|<center>Single plant</center>
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	</gallery>		</gallery>

	==~~See also~~==		==References==
			*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
			<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
			<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
			<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->

	{{~~Commons\|Lolium perenne~~}}		==External links==
			*{{wplink}}

	~~[[Category:Grasses]]~~		{{stub}}
	~~[[Category:Flora of Europe]]~~		__NOTOC__
	~~[[Category:Flora of Estonia]]~~
	~~[[Category:Flora of the United Kingdom]]~~

Murali.lalitha at 19:59, 12 December 2009

2009-12-12T19:59:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:59, 12 December 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{SPlantbox
			\|genus=Lolium
			\|species=perenne
			\|Min ht metric=cm
			\|Temp Metric=°F
			\|image=Upload.png
			\|image_width=240
			}}
			{{Inc\|
			Lolium perenne, Linn. Perennial Rye-Grass. One to 3 ft. high, with shining lvs. and slender spike, 4-10 in. long: spikelets 8-16-fld., awnless or only short-awned. Dept. Agric., Div. Agrost. 7:301.
			}}

	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen

MediaWiki default at 13:36, 2 September 2007

2007-09-02T13:36:29Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Ryegrass
| image = Lolium.perenne1web.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Perennial Ryegrass (''Lolium perenne'')
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Poales]]
| familia = [[Poaceae]]
| genus = [[Lolium]]
| species = '''''L. perenne'''''
| binomial = ''Lolium perenne''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}

'''Perennial Ryegrass''' (''Lolium perenne'') is a [[grass]] from the family [[Poaceae]]. It is native to [[Europe]], [[Asia]] and northern [[Africa]], but is widely cultivated and naturalised around the world.

==Description==

Perennial ryegrass is a low-growing, tufted, hairless grass, lacking [[stolon]]s or [[rhizome]]s. The leaves are dark green, smooth and glossy, with untoothed parallel sides and prominent parallel veins on the upper surface. The leaves are folded lengthwise in bud (unlike the rolled leaves of Italian ryegrass, ''Lolium multiflorum'') with a strong central keel. The [[ligule]] is very short and truncate, often difficult to see, and small white auricles grip the stem at the base of the leaf blade. Leaf sheaths at the base are usually tinged pink.

The [[inflorescence]] is unbranched, with spikelets on alternating sides edgeways-on to the stem. Each spikelet has only a single glume, on the side away from the stem, and multiple fertile florets without [[awn (botany)|awn]]s. Perennial ryegrass has a fibrous root system, with thick main roots and thinner lateral branches. Roots are usually [[arbuscular mycorrhiza]]l.

==Cultivation and uses==

Perennial ryegrass is an important pasture and forage plant, and is used in many pasture seed mixes. In fertile soil it produces a high grass yield, and in Britain and Ireland is frequently sown for short-term ley grassland, often with red or white [[clover]] (Trifolium).

Selected seed mixes are used extensively for sports pitches, especially winter sports in temperate climates, because of its wear resistance and its ability to regenerate.

It is commonly used in the southwest United States to overseed winter lawns. Bermudagrass is a typical summertime grass in states like Arizona, since it is able to withstand the high temperatures. However, Bermudagrass goes dormant during the cooler winter months. Rather than have brown lawns, many homeowners, public areas, and golf courses overseed these lawns with Perennial Ryegrass in early- to mid- September.

Turf-type Perennial Ryegrass can be grown as a permanent home lawn in the US, however, its adaptation range is limited to areas with mild winters and summers. Full sun to light shade, good yearly rainfall, and proper fertilization are the key to a successful perennial ryegrass lawn.

Perennial Ryegrass forms a very dense, dark green, fine bladed turf with the proper maintenance, and it can be successfully grown as a permanent lawn as far south as the lower transition zone - from North Carolina west to northern California.

Yearly overseeding might be needed to replace damaged grass caused by excesive heat during the summer. Maximun daytime temperature should not reach 90 F on a regular basis. Night time temperatures should hover around 68 F or less.

<gallery>
Image:Engels raaigras (Lolium perenne).jpg|<center>Single plant</center>
Image:Engels raaigras spruiten (Lolium perenne tillers).jpg|<center>Tillers</center>
Image:Lolium perenne Engels raaigras.jpg
Image:Lolium perenne Engels raaigras doorschietend.jpg|<center>Ear emerging</center>
Image:Lolium perenne Engels raaigras doorgeschoten plant.jpg|<center>Ear emerging</center>
Image:Engels raaigrasaar in bloei Lolium perenne.jpg|<center>Flowering</center>
Image:Lolium perenne Engels raaigras ligula.jpg|<center>Ligula</center>
Image:Lolium.perenne1web.jpg
Image:lolium_perenne.jpeg
Image:lolium_perenne_aehre.jpeg|<center>Spike in detail</center>
Image:Engels raaigras vruchten (Lolium perenne fruits).jpg|<center>Fruit (seeds)</center>
Image:Lolium.perenne.jpg
Image:Lolium.perenne.2.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==

{{Commons|Lolium perenne}}

[[Category:Grasses]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Flora of Estonia]]
[[Category:Flora of the United Kingdom]]