Oregano - Revision history

WikiWorks at 17:08, 24 February 2010

2010-02-24T17:08:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:08, 24 February 2010
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	\|genus=Origanum		\|genus=Origanum
	\|species=vulgare		\|species=vulgare
			\|taxo_author=L.
	\|common_name=Oregano		\|common_name=Oregano
	\|habit=herbaceous		\|habit=herbaceous
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	\|image_caption=Oregano		\|image_caption=Oregano
	}}		}}
	'''Oregano''' or '''Pot Marjoram''' (''Origanum vulgare'') is a species of ''[[Origanum]]'', native to [[Europe]], the [[Mediterranean region]] and southern and central [[Asia]]. It is a [[perennial plant\|perennial]] [[herb]], growing to 20-80 cm tall, with opposite [[leaf\|leaves]] 1-4 cm long. The [[flower]]s are purple, 3-4 mm long, produced in erect spikes. Its name derives from the Greek ''origanon'' ~~[ὀρίγανον]~~: ~~oros [ὄρος] “mountain” +~~ the ~~verb ''ganousthai'' [γανοῦσθαι] “delight in”~~.		'''Oregano''' or '''Pot Marjoram''' (''Origanum vulgare'') is a species of ''[[Origanum]]'', native to [[Europe]], the [[Mediterranean region]] and southern and central [[Asia]]. It is a [[perennial plant\|perennial]] [[herb]], growing to 20-80 cm tall, with opposite [[leaf\|leaves]] 1-4 cm long. The [[flower]]s are purple, 3-4 mm long, produced in erect spikes. Its name derives from the Greek ''origanon''.

			{{Inc\|
			Origanum vulgare. Linn. Rootstocks nearly horizontal: plant more or less hairy: Lvs. stalked, broadly ovate, sub- serrate or entire, broadly rounded at the base or sub- cordate: fls. purplish (varying to pink or nearly white), in corymbed clusters or short spikes; bracts purplish, about the length of the calyx; corolla longer than calyx; 2 or 4 of the stamens exserted.—Cult. in old gardens; also wild along eastern roadsides and in fields, naturalized from Eu. An erect herb, 1-2½ ft. high, aromatic. It runs into several forms, one of them being var. aureum, Hort., with golden or yellow foliage.
			}}

	== Cultivation ==		== Cultivation ==
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	==Varieties==		==Varieties==
			There are a number of subspecies of oregano. For example, ''O. [[vulgare hirtum]]'' (Italian oregano), O''. vulgare gracile'', as well as cultivars, with each evincing distinct flavours.<ref>[http://www.organicgardening.com/featureprint/1,7759,s-5-71-1180,00.html Organic Gardening]</ref>

	=== Other plants called oregano ===		=== Other plants called oregano ===

WikiWorks at 17:00, 1 November 2009

2009-11-01T17:00:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:00, 1 November 2009
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	{{~~Taxobox~~		{{SPlantbox
	\| ~~color~~ = ~~lightgreen~~		\|familia=Lamiaceae
	\| ~~name~~ = Oregano		\|genus=Origanum
	\| ~~image~~ = ~~ChristianBauer flowering oregano.jpg~~		\|species=vulgare
	\| ~~image_width~~ = ~~240px~~		\|common_name=Oregano
	\| ~~image_caption~~ = ~~Flowering oregano~~		\|habit=herbaceous
	\| ~~regnum~~ = ~~[[Plant]]ae~~		\|Min ht box=30
	\| ~~divisio~~ = ~~[[flowering plant~~\|~~Magnoliophyta]]~~		\|Min ht metric=cm
	\| ~~classis~~ = ~~[[dicotyledon~~\|~~Magnoliopsida]]~~		\|Max ht box=45
	\| ~~ordo~~ = ~~[[Lamiales]]~~		\|Max ht metric=cm
	\| ~~familia~~ = ~~[[Lamiaceae]]~~		\|lifespan=perennial
	\| ~~genus~~ = ~~''[[Origanum]]''~~		\|exposure=sun
	\| ~~species~~ = ~~'''''O. vulgare'''''~~		\|water=moderate, dry
	\| ~~binomial~~ = ''Origanum vulgare''		\|features=evergreen, fragrance, edible, drought tolerant
	\| ~~binomial_authority~~ = ~~[[Carolus Linnaeus~~\|~~L.]]~~		\|Temp Metric=°F
			\|min_zone=5
			\|max_zone=10
			\|image=Origanum vulgare.JPG
			\|image_width=240
			\|image_caption=Oregano
	}}		}}

	'''Oregano''' or '''Pot Marjoram''' (''Origanum vulgare'') is a species of ''[[Origanum]]'', native to [[Europe]], the [[Mediterranean region]] and southern and central [[Asia]]. It is a [[perennial plant\|perennial]] [[herb]], growing to 20-80 cm tall, with opposite [[leaf\|leaves]] 1-4 cm long. The [[flower]]s are purple, 3-4 mm long, produced in erect spikes. Its name derives from the Greek ''origanon'' [ὀρίγανον]: oros [ὄρος] “mountain” + the verb ''ganousthai'' [γανοῦσθαι] “delight in”.		'''Oregano''' or '''Pot Marjoram''' (''Origanum vulgare'') is a species of ''[[Origanum]]'', native to [[Europe]], the [[Mediterranean region]] and southern and central [[Asia]]. It is a [[perennial plant\|perennial]] [[herb]], growing to 20-80 cm tall, with opposite [[leaf\|leaves]] 1-4 cm long. The [[flower]]s are purple, 3-4 mm long, produced in erect spikes. Its name derives from the Greek ''origanon'' [ὀρίγανον]: oros [ὄρος] “mountain” + the verb ''ganousthai'' [γανοῦσθαι] “delight in”.

	== Cultivation ~~and uses~~ ==		== Cultivation ==
	~~[[Image:Oregano.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Oregano growing in a field.]]~~
	The subspecies of oregano ''Origanum vulgare hirtum'' is an important culinary herb. It is particularly widely used in [[Greek cuisine\|Greek]] and [[Italian cuisine]]s. It is the [[leaves]] that are used in cooking, and the dried herb is often more flavourful than the fresh.{{Fact\|date=September 2007}}		The subspecies of oregano ''Origanum vulgare hirtum'' is an important culinary herb. It is particularly widely used in [[Greek cuisine\|Greek]] and [[Italian cuisine]]s. It is the [[leaves]] that are used in cooking, and the dried herb is often more flavourful than the fresh.{{Fact\|date=September 2007}}

	~~Oregano is often used in tomato sauces, fried vegetables and grilled meat. Together with [[basil]], it contributes much to the distinctive character of many Italian dishes.~~

	Oregano combines nicely with pickled [[olives]], [[capers]] and [[lovage]] leaves. Unlike most Italian herbs,{{Fact\|date=July 2007}} oregano works with hot and spicy food, which is popular in southern Italy.

	Oregano is an indispensable ingredient for [[Greek cuisine]]. Oregano adds flavour to the [[Greek salad]] and is usually used separately or added to the lemon-olive oil sauce that accompanies almost every fish or meat barbecues and some casseroles.

	~~[[Image:Oregano_in_Pot.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Oregano growing in a pot.]]~~
	It has an [[aroma]]tic, warm and slightly [[Bitter (taste)\|bitter]] taste. It varies in intensity; good quality is so strong that it almost numbs the tongue, but the cultivars adapted to colder climates have often unsatisfactory flavour. The influence of climate, season and soil on the composition of the essential oil is greater than the difference between the various species.		It has an [[aroma]]tic, warm and slightly [[Bitter (taste)\|bitter]] taste. It varies in intensity; good quality is so strong that it almost numbs the tongue, but the cultivars adapted to colder climates have often unsatisfactory flavour. The influence of climate, season and soil on the composition of the essential oil is greater than the difference between the various species.

	The related species ''Origanum onites'' ([[Greece]], [[Asia Minor]]) and ''O. heracleoticum'' ([[Italy]], [[Balkan peninsula]], [[West Asia]]) have similar flavours. A closely related plant is [[marjoram]] from Asia Minor, which, however, differs significantly in taste, because [[phenolic compounds]] are missing in its essential oil. Some breeds show a flavour intermediate between oregano and marjoram.		The related species ''Origanum onites'' ([[Greece]], [[Asia Minor]]) and ''O. heracleoticum'' ([[Italy]], [[Balkan peninsula]], [[West Asia]]) have similar flavours. A closely related plant is [[marjoram]] from Asia Minor, which, however, differs significantly in taste, because [[phenolic compounds]] are missing in its essential oil. Some breeds show a flavour intermediate between oregano and marjoram.

	~~;Pizza~~		===Propagation===
	~~The dish most associated with oregano is [[pizza]]. Its relatives have probably been eaten in Southern Italy for centuries.~~
			===Pests and Diseases===

	===~~Health benefits~~===		==Varieties==
	Oregano is high in [[antioxidant]] activity, due to a high content of [[phenol antioxidant\|phenolic]] acids and [[flavonoid]]s (PMID 16218659, PMID 12730411). Additionally, oregano has demonstrated [[antimicrobial]] activity against food-borne pathogens such as ''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]'' (PMID 16218659). Both of these characteristics may be useful in both [[health]] and [[food preservation]]. In the [[Philippines]], oregano (coleus aromaticus) is not commonly used for cooking but is rather considered as a primarily medicinal plant, useful for relieving children's coughs.[[Image:OreganoDried1.JPG\|thumb\|Branch of dried oregano]]

	== Other plants called oregano ==		=== Other plants called oregano ===
	'''Mexican oregano''', ''[[Lippia graveolens]]'' ([[Verbenaceae]]) is closely related to [[lemon verbena]]. It is a highly studied herb that is said to be of some medical use and is common in [[curandera]] female [[shaman]]ic practices in Mexico and the [[Southwestern United States]]. Mexican oregano has a very similar flavour to oregano, but is usually stronger. It is becoming more commonly sold outside of Mexico, especially in the United States. It is		'''Mexican oregano''', ''[[Lippia graveolens]]'' ([[Verbenaceae]]) is closely related to [[lemon verbena]]. It is a highly studied herb that is said to be of some medical use and is common in [[curandera]] female [[shaman]]ic practices in Mexico and the [[Southwestern United States]]. Mexican oregano has a very similar flavour to oregano, but is usually stronger. It is becoming more commonly sold outside of Mexico, especially in the United States. It is
	sometimes used as a substitute for [[epazote]] leaves; this substitution would not work the other way round.		sometimes used as a substitute for [[epazote]] leaves; this substitution would not work the other way round.
Line 45:		Line 41:
	Several other plants are also known as oregano in various parts of Mexico, including ''[[Poliomintha longiflora]]'', ''[[Lippia berlandieri]]'', and ''[[Plectranthus amboinicus]]'' (syn. ''Coleus aromaticus''), also called Cuban oregano.		Several other plants are also known as oregano in various parts of Mexico, including ''[[Poliomintha longiflora]]'', ''[[Lippia berlandieri]]'', and ''[[Plectranthus amboinicus]]'' (syn. ''Coleus aromaticus''), also called Cuban oregano.

	==~~See also~~==		==Gallery==
	*[[Za'~~atar]]~~		<gallery>
			Image:Origanum vulgare 1.jpg
			Image:ChristianBauer flowering oregano.jpg
			Image:Origanum-vulgare.JPG
			Image:Origanum vulgare.jpg\|'Nana' dwarf
			Image:Lebiodka pospolita.oregano.12days.jpg
			Image:Origanum vulgare dry.jpg\|Dried oregano in the wild
			Image:Oregano.jpg
			Image:Dobromysl obecná.jpg
			Image:Origanum vulgare1.jpg
			Image:Origanum vulgare2 ies.jpg
			Image:Origanum vulgare 05 ies.jpg
			Image:Origanum vulgare 06 ies.jpg
			Image:Origanum vulgare 09 ies.jpg
			Image:Oregano1.jpg
			Image:Oregano2.jpg
			File:Origanum vulgare 2.jpg
			</gallery>

	==References and external links==		==References and external links==
	*~~[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Origanum+&SPECIES_XREF=vulgare&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Origanum vulgare'']~~		*{{wplink}}
	*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?25913 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Origanum vulgare'']
	*[http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/Orig_vul.html Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages: ''Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.)'']
	{{~~Commons\|Origanum vulgare}}~~
	~~{{Herbs & spices~~}}

	[[Category:Lamiaceae]]		[[Category:Lamiaceae]]
	[[Category:Herbs]]		[[Category:Herbs]]
	~~[[Category:Medicinal plants]]~~		__NOTOC__

MediaWiki default at 04:21, 26 October 2007

2007-10-26T04:21:16Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Oregano
| image = ChristianBauer flowering oregano.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Flowering oregano
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = [[Lamiaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Origanum]]''
| species = '''''O. vulgare'''''
| binomial = ''Origanum vulgare''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}

'''Oregano''' or '''Pot Marjoram''' (''Origanum vulgare'') is a species of ''[[Origanum]]'', native to [[Europe]], the [[Mediterranean region]] and southern and central [[Asia]]. It is a [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herb]], growing to 20-80 cm tall, with opposite [[leaf|leaves]] 1-4 cm long. The [[flower]]s are purple, 3-4 mm long, produced in erect spikes. Its name derives from the Greek ''origanon'' [ὀρίγανον]: oros [ὄρος] “mountain” + the verb ''ganousthai'' [γανοῦσθαι] “delight in”.

== Cultivation and uses ==
[[Image:Oregano.jpg|left|thumb|Oregano growing in a field.]]
The subspecies of oregano ''Origanum vulgare hirtum'' is an important culinary herb. It is particularly widely used in [[Greek cuisine|Greek]] and [[Italian cuisine]]s. It is the [[leaves]] that are used in cooking, and the dried herb is often more flavourful than the fresh.{{Fact|date=September 2007}}

Oregano is often used in tomato sauces, fried vegetables and grilled meat. Together with [[basil]], it contributes much to the distinctive character of many Italian dishes.

Oregano combines nicely with pickled [[olives]], [[capers]] and [[lovage]] leaves. Unlike most Italian herbs,{{Fact|date=July 2007}} oregano works with hot and spicy food, which is popular in southern Italy.

Oregano is an indispensable ingredient for [[Greek cuisine]]. Oregano adds flavour to the [[Greek salad]] and is usually used separately or added to the lemon-olive oil sauce that accompanies almost every fish or meat barbecues and some casseroles.

[[Image:Oregano_in_Pot.jpg|left|thumb|Oregano growing in a pot.]]
It has an [[aroma]]tic, warm and slightly [[Bitter (taste)|bitter]] taste. It varies in intensity; good quality is so strong that it almost numbs the tongue, but the cultivars adapted to colder climates have often unsatisfactory flavour. The influence of climate, season and soil on the composition of the essential oil is greater than the difference between the various species.

The related species ''Origanum onites'' ([[Greece]], [[Asia Minor]]) and ''O. heracleoticum'' ([[Italy]], [[Balkan peninsula]], [[West Asia]]) have similar flavours. A closely related plant is [[marjoram]] from Asia Minor, which, however, differs significantly in taste, because [[phenolic compounds]] are missing in its essential oil. Some breeds show a flavour intermediate between oregano and marjoram.

;Pizza
The dish most associated with oregano is [[pizza]]. Its relatives have probably been eaten in Southern Italy for centuries.

===Health benefits===
Oregano is high in [[antioxidant]] activity, due to a high content of [[phenol antioxidant|phenolic]] acids and [[flavonoid]]s (PMID 16218659, PMID 12730411). Additionally, oregano has demonstrated [[antimicrobial]] activity against food-borne pathogens such as ''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]'' (PMID 16218659). Both of these characteristics may be useful in both [[health]] and [[food preservation]]. In the [[Philippines]], oregano (coleus aromaticus) is not commonly used for cooking but is rather considered as a primarily medicinal plant, useful for relieving children's coughs.[[Image:OreganoDried1.JPG|thumb|Branch of dried oregano]]

== Other plants called oregano ==
'''Mexican oregano''', ''[[Lippia graveolens]]'' ([[Verbenaceae]]) is closely related to [[lemon verbena]]. It is a highly studied herb that is said to be of some medical use and is common in [[curandera]] female [[shaman]]ic practices in Mexico and the [[Southwestern United States]]. Mexican oregano has a very similar flavour to oregano, but is usually stronger. It is becoming more commonly sold outside of Mexico, especially in the United States. It is
sometimes used as a substitute for [[epazote]] leaves; this substitution would not work the other way round.

Several other plants are also known as oregano in various parts of Mexico, including ''[[Poliomintha longiflora]]'', ''[[Lippia berlandieri]]'', and ''[[Plectranthus amboinicus]]'' (syn. ''Coleus aromaticus''), also called Cuban oregano.

==See also==
*[[Za'atar]]

==References and external links==
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Origanum+&SPECIES_XREF=vulgare&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Origanum vulgare'']
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?25913 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Origanum vulgare'']
*[http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/Orig_vul.html Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages: ''Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.)'']
{{Commons|Origanum vulgare}}
{{Herbs & spices}}

[[Category:Lamiaceae]]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]