Petunia - Revision history

WikiWorks at 01:34, 7 July 2009

2009-07-07T01:34:26Z

Kpdhage at 15:55, 6 July 2009

2009-07-06T15:55:17Z

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			{{Inc\|
			Petunia (Petun, South American aboriginal name, said to have been
			applied to tobacco). Solanaceae. Petunia. Small herbs, grown for
			their showy bloom as garden annuals.

			Annual or perennial, branching, viscid-pubescent, of weak or
			straggling growth: lvs. alternate, or opposite above, soft, entire:
			fls. white or purple, or in shades of reddish, on solitary, terminal
			or axillary peduncles; calyx deeply 5-parted, the lobes narrow or
			often foli- aceous; corolla funnelform or salverform, the tube long
			and nearly or quite straight and sitting loosely in the calyx, the
			limb broad and normally 5-lobed, unequal or oblique and in some
			species obscurely 2-lipped; stamens 5, attached in the tube, one of
			them sometimes sterile; ovary small, 2-celled, the style slender, the
			stigma dilated and sometimes obscurely 2-lobed.—There are 12 or more
			species of Petunia, mostly natives of the southern part of S. Amer.
			One or two grow in Mex. and another (P. parviflora) is naturalized in the southern parts of the U. S., and is found frequently on ballast about seaports. The genus is closely allied to Salpiglos- sis, being distinguished by 5 perfect stamens, whereas that genus has 4 stamens and lvs. narrow or usually dentate or pinnatifid.

			Garden petunias are small soft plants of straggling or decumbent
			habit, pubescent and usually more or less sticky, with large showy
			flowers. The colors are white to light purple, not blue, clear red,
			nor yellow. They are properly perennial, but are treated as annuals
			in cultivation. The common kinds are rather weedy in habit, but their
			great profusion of bloom under all conditions makes them useful and
			popular. They are particularly useful for massing against shrubbery,
			for they make a florid undergrowth with almost no care. Some of the
			modern improved named varieties are very choice plants. Petunias emit
			a powerful fragrance at nightfall, and sphinx-moths visit them.

			The varieties of present-day gardens are considered to be hybrids and
			modifications of two-stem types. The types were white-flowered in one
			case and rose- violet in the other, and the flowers were small. In
			some of the garden strains, the flower is very broad and open,
			measuring 4 or 5 inches across. There are types with the flowers
			deeply fringed; others with star-like markings radiating from the
			throat and extending nearly or quite to the margin of the limb;
			others with full double flowers.

			Petunias should begin to bloom about two or two and one-half months
			after sowing in the open and continue profusely till killed by hard
			frost (the first light frosts usually do not injure them). The plants
			are at first erect, but soon begin to sprawl. The highest blooms of
			mature but sprawled plants will stand 18 to 24 inches above the
			ground. There are very dwarf and compact kinds, but they are not much
			seen in this country.

			Varieties or strains naturally fall into the small- flowered and
			large-flowered classes. The former are singles and are mostly used
			for bedding or massing. Some of the small lilac-limbed kinds are
			apparently very closely related to the stem-species, P. violacea,
			possibly direct derivatives of it. Countess of Ellesmere, Rosy Morn,
			and similar ones are among the best rosy or pink kinds for edgings
			and hanging-baskets and window- boxes. Large-flowered petunias are
			double or single, fringed, ruffled, fluted, and otherwise modified, some of them having deep velvety colors of great richness and flowers of much substance.

			There are marbled, spotted, and penciled flowers among them.
			Double forms are produced by crossing the most double flowers that
			are capable of producing good pollen on the best single strains. Only
			a part of the seedlings produce doubles, but all the others are
			likely to produce superior semidouble and single forms. Single
			flowers carefully pollinated from double flowers will produce seed
			which will average 25 per cent doubles, and single flowers bearing
			petaloid anthers similarly pollinated will give an average as high as
			40 per cent doubles. The weaker seedlings are most likely to give
			full double flowers.

			Petunias thrive on both ordinary and rich soil, blooming well on land
			too rich for other plants, and some of the bedding and small kinds
			doing well even on poor soil with plenty of moisture. They are
			sun-loving plants, although they bloom well in partial shade. The
			culture is simple and easy. Seeds may be sown directly in the open,
			or the plants may be started in flats or pots indoors for early
			results. The plants are tender and therefore should not be trusted in
			the open until settled weather comes. The high-bred types require
			more care in the growing. They would best be started indoors, and be
			given the choicest positions in the open garden. Extra care should be
			given to the germination, for every seed that is lost may mean the
			loss of a form unlike any other; for these high-class petunias are
			not fixed into definite seed-varieties to any extent. Usually the
			weakest plants in the lot of seedlings will produce the choicest
			results among the high-bred single and double strains, the strongest
			seedlings tending to make weedy plants. Transplanting is recommended for the high- bred fringed and double strains, as well as for early bloom. The seeds are small and should be covered lightly in well-pulverized soil. On ordinary soil, petunias may be thinned or transplanted to 10 or 12 inches apart each way; but on fertile soil, and particularly with the
			larger-growing forms, the distance may be as much as 15 to 18 inches.

			Young petunia plants are very susceptible to frost. It is well to
			pull out some of the least desirable plants as they grow and begin to
			crowd. The stronger common strains of petunia are likely to self-sow
			or volunteer (come up themselves in the spring from seed). Fancy
			kinds are sometimes propagated by cuttings or slips from plants
			carried over winter, after the manner of geraniums. The best double
			strains particularly are often perpetuated by cuttings. There are no
			special insects or diseases attacking the petunia.

			Winter bloom is easy to secure from petunias under glass. Best, or at
			least quickest, results are secured from cuttings; these may be taken
			from good shoots in late September or early October from selected
			outdoor plants, and bloom should be secured by February 1. If plants
			are grown from seeds, the sowing should take place in late summer,
			for seedlings grow slowly in the short days of fall and winter; the
			seedlings should be handled in pots. Sometimes old plants that are
			not spent are lifted in the fall and cut back, and the new growth
			will give good winter bloom. Petunias under glass require cool
			treatment, a night temperature of 45° to 50° suiting them well. A
			somewhat warmer treatment than that given carnations may be expected
			to produce satisfactory results.
			}}

	{{Plantbox		{{Plantbox
	\| color = IndianRed		\| color = IndianRed

WikiWorks at 00:52, 19 November 2008

2008-11-19T00:52:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:52, 19 November 2008
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	'''''Petunia''''' is a, trumpet shaped, widely-cultivated [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s of South American origin, in the family [[Solanaceae]]. Most of the varieties seen in gardens are hybrids (''Petunia x hybrida''). A wide range of flower colors, sizes, and plant architectures are available in both the hybrid and open-pollinated species.		'''''Petunia''''' is a, trumpet shaped, widely-cultivated [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s of South American origin, in the family [[Solanaceae]]. Most of the varieties seen in gardens are hybrids (''Petunia x hybrida''). A wide range of flower colors, sizes, and plant architectures are available in both the hybrid and open-pollinated species.

	[[Image:PetuniaHybridaPiebald.jpg\|thumb~~\|left~~\|240px\|Purple Petunias]]		[[Image:PetuniaHybridaPiebald.jpg\|thumb\|240px\|Purple Petunias]]
	The popular flower got its name from French, which took the word ''petun'' 'tobacco' from a [[Tupi-Guarani]] language.		The popular flower got its name from French, which took the word ''petun'' 'tobacco' from a [[Tupi-Guarani]] language.

WikiWorks at 00:51, 19 November 2008

2008-11-19T00:51:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:51, 19 November 2008
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	'''''Petunia''''' is a, trumpet shaped, widely-cultivated [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s of South American origin, in the family [[Solanaceae]]. Most of the varieties seen in gardens are hybrids (''Petunia x hybrida''). A wide range of flower colors, sizes, and plant architectures are available in both the hybrid and open-pollinated species.		'''''Petunia''''' is a, trumpet shaped, widely-cultivated [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s of South American origin, in the family [[Solanaceae]]. Most of the varieties seen in gardens are hybrids (''Petunia x hybrida''). A wide range of flower colors, sizes, and plant architectures are available in both the hybrid and open-pollinated species.

	~~==Species==~~		[[Image:PetuniaHybridaPiebald.jpg\|thumb\|left\|240px\|Purple Petunias]]
	*''~~Petunia~~ axillaris''		The popular flower got its name from French, which took the word ''petun'' 'tobacco' from a [[Tupi-Guarani]] language.
	*''~~Petunia~~ integrifolia''
	*''~~Petunia x hybrida Wave Pink Hybrid~~''		The origin of ''P. x hybrida'' is thought the be a hybridaization between ''P. axillaris'' and ''P. integrifolia''. Many open-pollinated species are also gaining popularity in the home garden.
	*''Petunia ~~grandiflora Park's Whopper Hybrid Burgundy~~''
			Some botanists place the plants of the genus ''[[Calibrachoa]]'' in the genus ''Petunia''. Botanically speaking, tobacco, tomato, potato, and petunia are all in the family Solanaceae.

	==Cultivation==		==Cultivation==
	When growing petunias, it's best to leave them in full sunlight<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheets/hgic1171.htm \| title=Petunia (HGIC 1171) \| publisher=Clemson Extension Home & Garden Information Center}}</ref> and only water them when their soil is dry to the touch. Although generally grown as [[annual plant\|annuals]] (at least in temperate areas), they are [[perennial plant\|perennial]] in warm climates (roughly [[Hardiness zone\|zone]] 9 or warmer).<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www.floridata.com/ref/P/petu_xhy.cfm \| title=Petunia x hybrida \| author=Jack Scheper \| date=[[2003-05-20]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www.plantanswers.com/petunia_bush.htm \| title=Laura Bush Petunia}}</ref>		When growing petunias, it's best to leave them in full sunlight<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheets/hgic1171.htm \| title=Petunia (HGIC 1171) \| publisher=Clemson Extension Home & Garden Information Center}}</ref> and only water them when their soil is dry to the touch. Although generally grown as [[annual plant\|annuals]] (at least in temperate areas), they are [[perennial plant\|perennial]] in warm climates (roughly [[Hardiness zone\|zone]] 9 or warmer).<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www.floridata.com/ref/P/petu_xhy.cfm \| title=Petunia x hybrida \| author=Jack Scheper \| date=[[2003-05-20]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www.plantanswers.com/petunia_bush.htm \| title=Laura Bush Petunia}}</ref>

	==Propagation==		===Propagation===
	Petunias are generally insect pollinated with the exception of ''P. exserta'', which is a rare, bird pollinated species. Most petunias are diploid with 14 or 18 chromosomes and are interfertile with other petunia species.		Petunias are generally insect pollinated with the exception of ''P. exserta'', which is a rare, bird pollinated species. Most petunias are diploid with 14 or 18 chromosomes and are interfertile with other petunia species.

	==Pests and diseases==		===Pests and diseases===
	The foliage of ''Petunia''s are sometimes eaten by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Dot Moth]] and [[Macroglossum stellatarum\|Hummingbird hawk moth]].		The foliage of ''Petunia''s are sometimes eaten by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Dot Moth]] and [[Macroglossum stellatarum\|Hummingbird hawk moth]].

	==~~Uses~~==		==Species==
	~~Decorative flowering plant.~~		*''Petunia axillaris''
			*''Petunia integrifolia''
	~~==History==~~		*''Petunia x hybrida Wave Pink Hybrid''
	~~[[Image:PetuniaHybridaPiebald.jpg\|thumb\|left\|240px\|Purple Petunias]]~~		*''Petunia grandiflora Park's Whopper Hybrid Burgundy''
	~~The popular flower got its name from French, which took the word ''petun~~'' '~~tobacco~~' ~~from a [[Tupi-Guarani]] language.~~

	~~The origin of~~ ''~~P. x hybrida'' is thought the be a hybridaization between ''P. axillaris'' and ''P.~~ integrifolia''~~. Many open-pollinated species are also gaining popularity in the home garden.~~

	~~==Taxonomy==~~
	~~Some botanists place the plants of the genus~~ ''~~[[Calibrachoa]]~~'' ~~in the genus~~ ''Petunia''~~. Botanically speaking, tobacco, tomato, potato, and petunia are all in the family Solanaceae.~~

	~~==Distribution and habitat==~~

	~~==Gallery==~~

	==References==		==References==
	*Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881926248		*Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881926248
	*American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432		*American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432

	~~==See also==~~

	==External links==		==External links==

WikiWorks at 00:49, 19 November 2008

2008-11-19T00:49:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:49, 19 November 2008
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	==Taxonomy==		==Taxonomy==
	~~{{Taxbox~~
	~~\| color = IndianRed~~
	~~\| name = ''Petunia''~~
	~~\| image = Pink petunias.jpg~~
	~~\| image_width = 240px~~
	~~\| image_caption = ''Petunia x hybrida'' flower~~
	~~\| regnum = [[Plant]]ae~~
	~~\| divisio = [[Flowering plant\|Magnoliophyta]]~~
	~~\| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]~~
	~~\| ordo = [[Solanales]]~~
	~~\| familia = [[Solanaceae]]~~
	~~\| genus = '''''Petunia'''''~~
	~~\| genus_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu\|Juss.]]~~
	~~\| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]~~
	~~\| subdivision =~~
	}}
	Some botanists place the plants of the genus ''[[Calibrachoa]]'' in the genus ''Petunia''. Botanically speaking, tobacco, tomato, potato, and petunia are all in the family Solanaceae.		Some botanists place the plants of the genus ''[[Calibrachoa]]'' in the genus ''Petunia''. Botanically speaking, tobacco, tomato, potato, and petunia are all in the family Solanaceae.

WikiWorks at 00:41, 19 November 2008

2008-11-19T00:41:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:41, 19 November 2008
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	\| name = ''Petunia''		\| name = ''Petunia''
	\| image = Pink_petunias.jpg		\| image = Pink_petunias.jpg
	\| image_width = ~~200px~~		\| image_width = 240px
	\| image_caption = Petunias		\| image_caption = Petunias
	\| regnum = Plantae		\| regnum = Plantae

WikiWorks at 00:41, 19 November 2008

2008-11-19T00:41:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:41, 19 November 2008
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	\| name = ''Petunia''		\| name = ''Petunia''
	\| image = Pink_petunias.jpg		\| image = Pink_petunias.jpg
	\| image_width = ~~240px~~		\| image_width = 200px
	\| image_caption = Petunias		\| image_caption = Petunias
	\| regnum = Plantae		\| regnum = Plantae

WikiWorks at 00:19, 19 November 2008

2008-11-19T00:19:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:19, 19 November 2008
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	{{Plantbox		{{Plantbox
	\| color = IndianRed		\| color = IndianRed
			\| common_names = Petunia
	\| growth_habit = xx		\| growth_habit = xx
	\| high = 15-27 inch		\| high = 15-27 inch

WikiWorks at 00:13, 19 November 2008

2008-11-19T00:13:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:13, 19 November 2008
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	{{Plantbox		{{Plantbox
	\| color = IndianRed		\| color = IndianRed
	~~\| common_names = Petunia~~
	\| growth_habit = xx		\| growth_habit = xx
	\| high = 15-27 inch		\| high = 15-27 inch

WikiWorks at 23:53, 18 November 2008

2008-11-18T23:53:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:53, 18 November 2008
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	\| image_caption = Petunias		\| image_caption = Petunias
	\| regnum = Plantae		\| regnum = Plantae
	\| divisio = ~~Flowering plant\|~~Magnoliophyta		\| divisio = Magnoliophyta
	\| classis = Magnoliopsida		\| classis = Magnoliopsida
	\| ordo = Solanales		\| ordo = Solanales

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:49, 19 November 2008
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	==Taxonomy==		==Taxonomy==
	~~{{Taxbox~~
	~~\| color = IndianRed~~
	~~\| name = ''Petunia''~~
	~~\| image = Pink petunias.jpg~~
	~~\| image_width = 240px~~
	~~\| image_caption = ''Petunia x hybrida'' flower~~
	~~\| regnum = [[Plant]]ae~~
	~~\| divisio = [[Flowering plant\|Magnoliophyta]]~~
	~~\| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]~~
	~~\| ordo = [[Solanales]]~~
	~~\| familia = [[Solanaceae]]~~
	~~\| genus = '''''Petunia'''''~~
	~~\| genus_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu\|Juss.]]~~
	~~\| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]~~
	~~\| subdivision =~~
	}}
	Some botanists place the plants of the genus ''[[Calibrachoa]]'' in the genus ''Petunia''. Botanically speaking, tobacco, tomato, potato, and petunia are all in the family Solanaceae.		Some botanists place the plants of the genus ''[[Calibrachoa]]'' in the genus ''Petunia''. Botanically speaking, tobacco, tomato, potato, and petunia are all in the family Solanaceae.