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	<id>https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Rosa_rugosa</id>
	<title>Rosa rugosa - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-10T09:59:46Z</updated>
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		<id>https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Rosa_rugosa&amp;diff=91794&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>WikiWorks at 02:08, 29 December 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Rosa_rugosa&amp;diff=91794&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-12-29T02:08:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:08, 29 December 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Inc|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Inc|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rosa rugosa, Thunb. (R. ferox, Lawr. R. Regeliana, Andre &amp;amp; Lind. R. coruscans, Waitz). Figs. 3446-3448.Upright shrub, attaining 6 ft., with stout sts. densely beset with prickles and bristles: lfts. 5-9, oval to obovate-oval, rugose, shining and dark green above, glau- cescent and pubescent beneath, thick and firm, 3/4 - 2 in. long; petioles tomentose and bristly; stipules dilated: fls. solitary or few, purple or white, 2 1/2 - 3 1/2 in. across: bracts large; pedicels prickly; receptacle smooth: fr. depressed-globose, brick-red, to 1 in. across. May- Sept. N. China, Korea, Japan&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. S.Z. 1:28. B.R. 420. Gt. 30:1049; 42, p. 537. G.C. II. 14:372. Gn. 46, p. 324; 52:384; 55, p. 434. I.H. 18:47. Gng. 1:7; 5:339. A.G. 13:342, 344; 18:567. C.L.A. 2:76: 7:624. F.E. 18:6. J.H. III. 45:159&lt;/del&gt;.—Forms of typical R. rugosa, which is sometimes distinguished as var. Thunbergiana, C. A. Mey., are the following: Var. alba, Rehd. (var. albiflora, Koidzumi), with white fls&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Gn. 9:452. G. 8:261&lt;/del&gt;. Var. albo-plena, Rehd., with double white fls. Var. rosea, Hort., with pink fls. Var. rubra, Hort., with purple fls. Var. rubro-plena, Rehd., with double purple fls&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Gt. 24:846&lt;/del&gt;. Geographical varieties, not of garden origin, are the following two: Var. amissoniana, C. A. Mey. (R. pubescens, Baker, not Roxbg.). Bristles almost entirely absent on the branches: lfts. narrower and smaller, less rugose. A double- fld. form of this variety is sometimes cult, in Cent. China, but apparently not yet intro. into western gardens. Var. kamschatica, Regel (R. kamschatica, Vent.). With slenderer less densely armed branches, thinner less rugose lvs. and smaller fls. and frs&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. B.M. 3149. B.R. 419&lt;/del&gt;.—ft. rugosa is one of the most ornamental and at the same time hardiest of the single roses, valuable for shrubberies; it is very handsome on account of its dark green shining foliage, large fls. appearing during the whole summer, bright red conspicuous frs., and its beautiful orange and scarlet fall coloring. It is also attractive in winter by reason of its stout, densely armed sts. Large numbers of hybrids have been raised. By crossing with double-fld. garden roses, R. rugosa has given rise to a new race of hybrid roses remarkable for their hardiness and long blooming season; one of the host known is Mme. Georges Bruant &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(Fig. 3449)&lt;/del&gt;, with double white fls., a cross of R. rugosa and the Tea rose Sombreuil. Another cross with a form of R. chinensis is R. calocarpa, Willmott (R. rugosa var. calocarpa, Bruant), with single rose-colored fls. and handsome fr. produced very abundantly&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Gn. 46, p. 548; 52, p. 384. R.H. 1895, pp. 446, 447. I.H. 42, p. 15. W!R. 60&lt;/del&gt;. Remarkable for its large frs. and large fls. is R. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;micru- gdsa&lt;/del&gt;, Henkel (R. rugosa x R. microphylla. R. Vilmorinii, Bean). Upright, very spiny shrub: lfts. 7-11, small, pubescent: fls. pink, 3-4 in. across: fr. depressed- globose, about 1 3/4 in. across, prickly, orange-red&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Gt. 59:1581. R.H. 1905:144&lt;/del&gt;. It is of vigorous growth and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;htirdy &lt;/del&gt;and will probably make a good hedge plant&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Hybrids are also known with R. multiflora (see R. Iwara under No. 2), with R. Wichuraiana (see R. Jacksonii under No. 3), with R. cinnamomea, with R. spinosissima, with A. Carolina, a pretty rose with purplish red fls. (W.R. 65), with R. blanda=R. warleyensis. Willmott, a handsome rose with pink fls. and 5-7 small lfts. (W.R. 59), with R. palustris=R. Spaethiana. with large purple corymbose fls. (Gt. 51:1504, 3), and there are probably others&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rosa rugosa, Thunb. (R. ferox, Lawr. R. Regeliana, Andre &amp;amp; Lind. R. coruscans, Waitz). Figs. 3446-3448.Upright shrub, attaining 6 ft., with stout sts. densely beset with prickles and bristles: lfts. 5-9, oval to obovate-oval, rugose, shining and dark green above, glau- cescent and pubescent beneath, thick and firm, 3/4 - 2 in. long; petioles tomentose and bristly; stipules dilated: fls. solitary or few, purple or white, 2 1/2 - 3 1/2 in. across: bracts large; pedicels prickly; receptacle smooth: fr. depressed-globose, brick-red, to 1 in. across. May- Sept. N. China, Korea, Japan.—Forms of typical R. rugosa, which is sometimes distinguished as var. Thunbergiana, C. A. Mey., are the following: Var. alba, Rehd. (var. albiflora, Koidzumi), with white fls. Var. albo-plena, Rehd., with double white fls. Var. rosea, Hort., with pink fls. Var. rubra, Hort., with purple fls. Var. rubro-plena, Rehd., with double purple fls. Geographical varieties, not of garden origin, are the following two: Var. amissoniana, C. A. Mey. (R. pubescens, Baker, not Roxbg.). Bristles almost entirely absent on the branches: lfts. narrower and smaller, less rugose. A double- fld. form of this variety is sometimes cult, in Cent. China, but apparently not yet intro. into western gardens. Var. kamschatica, Regel (R. kamschatica, Vent.). With slenderer less densely armed branches, thinner less rugose lvs. and smaller fls. and frs.—ft. rugosa is one of the most ornamental and at the same time hardiest of the single roses, valuable for shrubberies; it is very handsome on account of its dark green shining foliage, large fls. appearing during the whole summer, bright red conspicuous frs., and its beautiful orange and scarlet fall coloring. It is also attractive in winter by reason of its stout, densely armed sts. Large numbers of hybrids have been raised. By crossing with double-fld. garden roses, R. rugosa has given rise to a new race of hybrid roses remarkable for their hardiness and long blooming season; one of the host known is Mme. Georges Bruant, with double white fls., a cross of R. rugosa and the Tea rose Sombreuil. Another cross with a form of R. chinensis is R. calocarpa, Willmott (R. rugosa var. calocarpa, Bruant), with single rose-colored fls. and handsome fr. produced very abundantly. Remarkable for its large frs. and large fls. is R. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;micrugosa&lt;/ins&gt;, Henkel (R. rugosa x R. microphylla. R. Vilmorinii, Bean). Upright, very spiny shrub: lfts. 7-11, small, pubescent: fls. pink, 3-4 in. across: fr. depressed- globose, about 1 3/4 in. across, prickly, orange-red.It is of vigorous growth and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hardy &lt;/ins&gt;and will probably make a good hedge plant.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l22&quot;&gt;Line 22:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 22:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Varieties==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Varieties==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Hybrids are also known with R. multiflora, with R. Wichuraiana, with R. cinnamomea, with R. spinosissima, with A. Carolina, a pretty rose with purplish red fls., with R. blanda=R. warleyensis. Willmott, a handsome rose with pink fls. and 5-7 small lfts., with R. palustris=R. Spaethiana. with large purple corymbose fls., and there are probably others.{{SCH}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Gallery==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Gallery==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>WikiWorks</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Rosa_rugosa&amp;diff=91742&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kpdhage: Created page with &#039;{{SPlantbox |Min ht metric=cm |Temp Metric=°F |jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help…&#039;</title>
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		<updated>2009-12-27T11:33:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;#039;{{SPlantbox |Min ht metric=cm |Temp Metric=°F |jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help…&amp;#039;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{SPlantbox&lt;br /&gt;
|Min ht metric=cm&lt;br /&gt;
|Temp Metric=°F&lt;br /&gt;
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!&lt;br /&gt;
|image=Upload.png&lt;br /&gt;
|image_width=240&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Inc|&lt;br /&gt;
Rosa rugosa, Thunb. (R. ferox, Lawr. R. Regeliana, Andre &amp;amp; Lind. R. coruscans, Waitz). Figs. 3446-3448.Upright shrub, attaining 6 ft., with stout sts. densely beset with prickles and bristles: lfts. 5-9, oval to obovate-oval, rugose, shining and dark green above, glau- cescent and pubescent beneath, thick and firm, 3/4 - 2 in. long; petioles tomentose and bristly; stipules dilated: fls. solitary or few, purple or white, 2 1/2 - 3 1/2 in. across: bracts large; pedicels prickly; receptacle smooth: fr. depressed-globose, brick-red, to 1 in. across. May- Sept. N. China, Korea, Japan. S.Z. 1:28. B.R. 420. Gt. 30:1049; 42, p. 537. G.C. II. 14:372. Gn. 46, p. 324; 52:384; 55, p. 434. I.H. 18:47. Gng. 1:7; 5:339. A.G. 13:342, 344; 18:567. C.L.A. 2:76: 7:624. F.E. 18:6. J.H. III. 45:159.—Forms of typical R. rugosa, which is sometimes distinguished as var. Thunbergiana, C. A. Mey., are the following: Var. alba, Rehd. (var. albiflora, Koidzumi), with white fls. Gn. 9:452. G. 8:261. Var. albo-plena, Rehd., with double white fls. Var. rosea, Hort., with pink fls. Var. rubra, Hort., with purple fls. Var. rubro-plena, Rehd., with double purple fls. Gt. 24:846. Geographical varieties, not of garden origin, are the following two: Var. amissoniana, C. A. Mey. (R. pubescens, Baker, not Roxbg.). Bristles almost entirely absent on the branches: lfts. narrower and smaller, less rugose. A double- fld. form of this variety is sometimes cult, in Cent. China, but apparently not yet intro. into western gardens. Var. kamschatica, Regel (R. kamschatica, Vent.). With slenderer less densely armed branches, thinner less rugose lvs. and smaller fls. and frs. B.M. 3149. B.R. 419.—ft. rugosa is one of the most ornamental and at the same time hardiest of the single roses, valuable for shrubberies; it is very handsome on account of its dark green shining foliage, large fls. appearing during the whole summer, bright red conspicuous frs., and its beautiful orange and scarlet fall coloring. It is also attractive in winter by reason of its stout, densely armed sts. Large numbers of hybrids have been raised. By crossing with double-fld. garden roses, R. rugosa has given rise to a new race of hybrid roses remarkable for their hardiness and long blooming season; one of the host known is Mme. Georges Bruant (Fig. 3449), with double white fls., a cross of R. rugosa and the Tea rose Sombreuil. Another cross with a form of R. chinensis is R. calocarpa, Willmott (R. rugosa var. calocarpa, Bruant), with single rose-colored fls. and handsome fr. produced very abundantly. Gn. 46, p. 548; 52, p. 384. R.H. 1895, pp. 446, 447. I.H. 42, p. 15. W!R. 60. Remarkable for its large frs. and large fls. is R. micru- gdsa, Henkel (R. rugosa x R. microphylla. R. Vilmorinii, Bean). Upright, very spiny shrub: lfts. 7-11, small, pubescent: fls. pink, 3-4 in. across: fr. depressed- globose, about 1 3/4 in. across, prickly, orange-red. Gt. 59:1581. R.H. 1905:144. It is of vigorous growth and htirdy and will probably make a good hedge plant. Hybrids are also known with R. multiflora (see R. Iwara under No. 2), with R. Wichuraiana (see R. Jacksonii under No. 3), with R. cinnamomea, with R. spinosissima, with A. Carolina, a pretty rose with purplish red fls. (W.R. 65), with R. blanda=R. warleyensis. Willmott, a handsome rose with pink fls. and 5-7 small lfts. (W.R. 59), with R. palustris=R. Spaethiana. with large purple corymbose fls. (Gt. 51:1504, 3), and there are probably others.&lt;br /&gt;
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Describe the plant here...&lt;br /&gt;
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==Cultivation==&lt;br /&gt;
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===Propagation===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Pests and diseases===&lt;br /&gt;
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==Varieties==&lt;br /&gt;
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==Gallery==&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;gallery perrow=5&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Image:Upload.png| photo 1&lt;br /&gt;
Image:Upload.png| photo 2&lt;br /&gt;
Image:Upload.png| photo 3&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener&amp;#039;s Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*{{wplink}}&lt;br /&gt;
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{{stub}}&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kpdhage</name></author>
	</entry>
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