https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Verbena_bonariensisVerbena bonariensis - Revision history2026-04-10T20:08:28ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.0https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Verbena_bonariensis&diff=7747&oldid=prevMediaWiki default at 13:40, 10 September 20072007-09-10T13:40:01Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Taxobox <br />
| name = ''Verbena bonariensis''<br />
| image = Verbena_bonariensis.jpg<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae <br />
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]<br />
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]<br />
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]<br />
| familia = [[Verbenaceae]]<br />
| genus = ''[[Verbena]]''<br />
| species = '''''V. bonariensis'''''<br />
| binomial = ''Verbena bonariensis''<br />
| binomial_authority = L.<br />
}}<br />
'''''Verbena bonariensis''''' ('''purpletop vervain''', '''purpletop''', '''Brazilian verbena''', '''tall verbena''', '''clustertop vervain''', '''South American vervain''', '''pretty verbena''') is a member of the Verbena Family ([[Verbenaceae]]) cultivated as a garden annual or perennial.<br />
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==Description==<br />
''V. bonariensis'' is a tall and slender-stemmed perennial. It can grow to 4’ tall and can spread to 3’ wide. At maturity, it will develop a woody base. Fragrant lavender to purple flowers are in tight clusters located on terminal and axillary stems, blooming from mid-summer until fall frost. The stem is square with very long internodes. Leaves are ovate to ovate-lanceolate with a toothed margin and grow up to 4” long.<br />
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===Taxonomy===<br />
There are two named subspecies. ''V. b. bonariensis'' and ''V. b. conglomerata''. (need a reference to describe differences)<br />
Synonyms: ''V. patagonica''<br />
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===Distribution===<br />
Found throughout most of South America from Columbia and Brazil to Argentina and Chile.<br />
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==Uses==<br />
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===Ethnobotanical uses===<br />
''V. bonariensis'' is reportedly used as a veterinary abortifacient in Australia, although details are lacking.<br />
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===Cultivation===<br />
''Verbena bonariensis'' is a tall, slender-stemmed cultivated plant. It is a tender perennial hardy in USDA Zones 7-11. It can be grown as an annual in areas where it is not winter hardy and will bloom in the first year when grown from seed. Its long internodes give it a sparse appearance but allow it to intermingle and coexist with other plants. Flowers bloom all summer and range in color from lavender to rose-purple.<br />
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''V. bonariensis'' is commonly grown from seed which germinate readily without pre-treatment, but also can be propagated from herbaceous stem cuttings.<br />
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''V. bonariensis'' grows best in a well drained soil. It prefers full sun to partial shade and needs regular moisture. The flowers are very attractive to butterflies. The small flowers provide nectar for native bees and many beneficial garden insects. It is reportedly free of insect pests but may be susceptible to powdery mildew.<br />
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==Weed status==<br />
''V. bonariensis'' self-seeds readily. This ability has raised concerns that it may become invasive in favorable habitats. It has naturalized in a number of southern states. <br />
*''V. bonariensis'' is on the watchlist for Washington State (http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weed_info/Written_findings/Verbena_bonariensis.html)<br />
*Naturalized in tropical and southern Africa, temperate Asia, Australia, New Zealand, United States (including Hawaii), West Indies, Macaronesia, & Mascarenes<br />
*Considered a weed in Fiji, New Guinea and many other South Pacific islands according to Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk.<br />
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==References==<br />
Bailey, L.H. 1951. Manual of Cultivated Plants. [Macmillan Publishers Macmillan Publishing Company]. p. 840.<br /><br />
[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=VEBO USDA Plants Profile: ''Verbena bonariensis'']<br /><br />
[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24535 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Verbena bonariensis'']<br /><br />
[http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=32128 Integrated Taxonomic Information System ''Verbena bonariensis'']<br /><br />
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==External links==<br />
*[http://davesgarden.com/ Dave’s Garden]<br />
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/Duke/ Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Database]<br />
*[http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp Missouri Botanical Garden Kemper Center for Home Gardening]<br />
*[http://www.hear.org/Pier/index.html Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk]<br />
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[[Category:Verbenaceae]]<br />
[[Category:Garden plants]]</div>MediaWiki default