https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=VirolaVirola - Revision history2026-04-10T04:22:40ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.0https://www.gardenology.org/w/index.php?title=Virola&diff=11132&oldid=prevMediaWiki default at 06:30, 5 November 20072007-11-05T06:30:54Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Taxobox<br />
| color = lightgreen<br />
| name = ''Virola''<br />
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae<br />
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]<br />
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]<br />
| ordo = [[Magnoliales]]<br />
| familia = [[Myristicaceae]]<br />
| genus = '''''Virola'''''<br />
| genus_authority = [[Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet|Aubl.]]<br />
| subdivision_ranks = Species<br />
| subdivision = <br />
Many species, including:<br/><br />
''Virola calophylla''<br/><br />
''Virola colophylloidea''<br/><br />
''Virola oleifera''<br/><br />
''Virola theiodora''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Virola''''', also known as '''Epená''', is a genus of medium-sized [[tree]]s native to the [[South America]]n [[rainforest]] and closely related to other [[Myristicaceae]], such as [[nutmeg]]. It has glossy, dark [[Leaf|leaves]] with clusters of tiny yellow [[flower]]s and emits a pungent odor. <br />
<br />
The dark-red [[resin]] of the tree bark contains several [[hallucinogenic drug|hallucinogenic]] [[alkaloid]]s, most notably [[5-MeO-DMT]](Virola calophylla), [[5-OH-DMT]] (Bufotenine), and also [[N,N-DMT]], perhaps the most "powerful" member of the [[Dimethyltryptamine]] family; it also contains [[beta-carboline]] [[harmala alkaloid]]s, [[MAOI]]s that greatly potentiate the effects of DMT. The bark resin is prepared and dried by a variety of methods, often including the addition of ash or [[limestone|lime]], presumably as [[base (chemistry)|basifying]] agents, and a powder made from the leaves of the small [[Justicia]] bush. Ingestion is similar to that of [[Yopo]], consisting of assisted [[insufflation]], with the snuff being blown through a long tube into the [[nostril]]s by an assistant. According to [[Richard Evans Schultes|Schultes]], the use of Virola in magico-religious rituals is restricted to tribes in the Western [[Amazon Basin]] and parts of the [[Orinoco]] Basin.<br />
<br />
==Traditional medicine==<br />
The tops cunt of ''[[Virola oleifera]]'' have been shown to produce lignan-7-ols and [[verrucosin]] that have antifungal action regarding ''[[Cladosporium sphaerospermum]]'' in doses as low as 25 micrograms. Lignan-7-ols oleiferin-B and oleiferin-G worked for ''C. cladosporoides'' starting as low as 10 micrograms.<ref>[http://grande.nal.usda.gov/ibids/index.php?mode2=detail&origin=ibids_references&therow=445174 Sartorelli, P. : Young, M.C.M. : Kato, M.J., Antifungal lignans from the arils of Virola oleifera. Phytochemistry-Oxford. Oxford : Elsevier Science Ltd. Mar 1998. v. 47 (6) p. 1003-1006. ]</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Ayahuasca]]<br />
* [[Entheogen]]<br />
* [[Psychedelic plants]]<br />
<br />
==References and external links==<br />
===Notes===<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
===General References===<br />
* [[Jonathan Ott]] - ''Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines'' (2001) ISBN 1-888755-02-4<br />
* Richard Evans Schultes - ''Plants of the Gods'' (1992) ISBN 0-89281-979-0<br />
* [http://www.erowid.org/plants/virola/virola.shtml Erowid Virola Vault]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Entheogens]]<br />
[[Category:Herbal and fungal hallucinogens]]<br />
[[Category:Magnoliales]]<br />
[[Category:Psychedelic tryptamine carriers]]<br />
[[Category:Trees]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{tree-stub}}<br />
{{hallucinogen-stub}}</div>MediaWiki default