Water Birch - Revision history

WikiWorks at 20:33, 7 May 2011

2011-05-07T20:33:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:33, 7 May 2011
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	\|lifespan=perennial		\|lifespan=perennial
	\|life_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272		\|life_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272
	\|exposure=~~shade~~		\|exposure=sun
	\|sun_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272		\|sun_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272
	\|water=wet, moist		\|water=wet, moist

WikiWorks at 20:14, 7 May 2011

2011-05-07T20:14:40Z

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 |species=nigra
 |taxo_author=L.
-|common_name=Water Birch
+|common_name=Water Birch, River Birch
 |Temp Metric=°F
-|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
+|min_zone=3
 |image=Birch blossom.jpg
 |image_width=240

WikiWorks at 02:27, 9 February 2010

2010-02-09T02:27:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:27, 9 February 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{SPlantbox		{{SPlantbox
			\|familia=Betulaceae
			\|genus=Betula
			\|species=nigra
			\|taxo_author=L.
	\|common_name=Water Birch		\|common_name=Water Birch
	\|Temp Metric=°F		\|Temp Metric=°F
	\|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!		\|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
	\|image=~~Upload~~.~~png~~		\|image=Birch blossom.jpg
	\|image_width=240		\|image_width=240
			\|image_caption=River birch with male [[catkin]]s
	}}		}}
			'''Water Birch''', '''Red Birch''' or, '''River Birch''' (''Betula nigra'') is a common small [[birch]] native in [[flood plain]]s or [[swamp]]s in the [[Eastern United States\|eastern]] [[United States]] from [[New Hampshire]] west to southern [[Minnesota]], and south to northern [[Florida]] and east [[Texas]].

			It is a small [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to about 25 m tall at most. The [[bark]] is very variable, usually dark gray-brown to pinkish-brown and thickly scaly, but in some individuals, smooth and creamy pinkish-white, exfoliating in curly papery sheets. The [[leaf\|leaves]] are alternate, ovate, 5-12 cm long and 4-9 cm broad, with a serrated margin. The [[flower]]s are wind-pollinated [[catkin]]s 3-6 cm long, the male catkins pendulous, the female catkins erect. The [[fruit]] is unusual among birches in maturing in late spring; it is composed of numerous tiny winged seeds packed between the catkin bracts.

	{{Inc\|		{{Inc\|
	Betula nigra, Linn. (B. rubra. Michx.). Red or River Birch. Tree 50-90 ft.: bark reddish brown, or silvery gray on younger branches, separating into numerous thin, papery flakes: branchlets pubescent: petioles scarcely ½in. long: Lvs. rhombic-ovate, acute, doubly serrate, pubescent when young, at length only on the veins beneath, pale or glaucescent beneath, 2-3½ in. long: cones 1-1 ⅔ in. long, cylindrical, ripening in May or June; scales pubes cent, with erect, linear-oblong, nearly equal lobes. From Mass, south to Fla. and west to Kan. and Minn~~. S.S. 9:452. L.B.C. 13:1248. G. F. 2:591. Gn. 55, p. 161 (habit). W. B. 63. H.T. 122, 123~~.— A moisture-loving, graceful tree, with slender, very numerous branches, and remarkable for its torn and ragged bark.		Betula nigra, Linn. (B. rubra. Michx.). Red or River Birch. Tree 50-90 ft.: bark reddish brown, or silvery gray on younger branches, separating into numerous thin, papery flakes: branchlets pubescent: petioles scarcely ½in. long: Lvs. rhombic-ovate, acute, doubly serrate, pubescent when young, at length only on the veins beneath, pale or glaucescent beneath, 2-3½ in. long: cones 1-1 ⅔ in. long, cylindrical, ripening in May or June; scales pubes cent, with erect, linear-oblong, nearly equal lobes. From Mass, south to Fla. and west to Kan. and Minn.— A moisture-loving, graceful tree, with slender, very numerous branches, and remarkable for its torn and ragged bark.
	}}		}}

	~~{{Taxobox~~		==Cultivation==
	~~\| color~~ = ~~lightgreen~~		While its native habitat is wet ground, it will grow on higher land, and its [[bark]] is quite distinctive, making it a favored ornamental tree for [[landscape architecture\|landscape use]]. A number of [[cultivar]]s with much whiter bark than the normal wild type have been selected for garden planting, including 'Heritage' and 'Dura Heat'; these are notable as the only white-barked birches resistant to the [[bronze birch borer]] ''Agrilus anxius'' in warm areas of the southeastern United States of America.
	~~\| name~~ = ~~Water Birch~~
	~~\| status~~ = ~~{{StatusSecure}}~~		===Propagation===
	~~\| image~~ = ~~Birch blossom.jpg~~
	~~\| image_width = 240px~~
	~~\| image_caption = River birch with male [[catkin]]s~~, ~~<br/>[[Johnsonville~~, ~~South Carolina]]~~		===Pests and diseases===
	~~\| regnum =~~ [[~~Plant~~]]ae
	~~\| divisio =~~ [[~~Flowering plant~~\|~~Magnoliophyta~~]]
	~~\| classis =~~ [[~~Magnoliopsida~~]]		==Varieties==
	~~\| ordo = [[Fagales]]~~
	~~\| familia = [[Betulaceae]]~~
	~~\| genus = '~~'~~[[Birch\|Betula]]~~''
	~~\| subgenus = '~~'[[~~Betula classification#Subgenus Neurobetula - Costate birches\|Neurobetula~~]]''
	~~\| species =~~ ''~~'''B~~. ~~nigra'''''~~
	~~\| binomial~~ = ~~''Betula nigra''~~
	~~\| binomial_authority~~ = ~~[[Carolus Linnaeus\|L.]]~~
	}}

	'''Water Birch''', '''Red Birch''' or, '''River Birch''' (''Betula nigra'') is a common small [[birch]] native in [[flood plain]]s or [[swamp]]s in the [[Eastern United States\|eastern]] [[United States]] from [[New Hampshire]] west to southern [[Minnesota]], and south to northern [[Florida]] and east [[Texas]].

	It is a small [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to about 25 m tall at most. The [[bark]] is very variable, usually dark gray-brown to pinkish-brown and thickly scaly, but in some individuals, smooth and creamy pinkish-white, exfoliating in curly papery sheets. The [[leaf\|leaves]] are alternate, ovate, 5-12 cm long and 4-9 cm broad, with a serrated margin. The [[flower]]s are wind-pollinated [[catkin]]s 3-6 cm long, the male catkins pendulous, the female catkins erect. The [[fruit]] is unusual among birches in maturing in late spring; it is composed of numerous tiny winged seeds packed between the catkin bracts.		==Gallery==

	=~~==Cultivation and uses===~~		<gallery perrow=5>
	~~While its native habitat is wet ground~~, ~~it will grow on higher land, and its [[~~bark~~]] is quite distinctive, making it a favored ornamental tree for [[landscape architecture~~\|~~landscape use]]. A number of [[~~cultivar~~]]s with much whiter bark than the normal wild type have been selected for garden planting, including~~ 'Heritage' ~~and 'Dura Heat'; these are notable as the only~~ white~~-barked birches resistant to the [[bronze birch borer]] ''Agrilus anxius''~~ in ~~warm areas of the southeastern United States of America~~.		Image:Riverbirch 8003.jpg\|''Betula nigra'' Trunk, showing the bark pattern typical of most wild trees
			Image:Betula nigra Heritage.jpg\|The cultivar 'Heritage', selected for its white bark, here in fall leaf colors
			Image:Upload.png\| photo 1
			Image:Upload.png\| photo 2
			Image:Upload.png\| photo 3
			</gallery>

	[[~~Native Americans in the United States\|Native Americans]] used the boiled [[sap]] as a [[sweetener]] similar to [[maple syrup~~]], ~~and the inner bark as a survival food~~. ~~It is usually too contorted and knotty to be~~ of ~~value as a [[timber]] tree~~.		==References==
			<references/>
			*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
			<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
			<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
			<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->

	==External links==		==External links==
	*~~[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/beni.htm ''Betula nigra'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]~~		*{{wplink}}
	*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500258 Flora of North America: ''Betula nigra'']
	*[http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=5749&flora_id=1 Flora of N.Amer-RangeMap: ''Betula nigra'']

	~~[[Image:Riverbirch 8003.jpg\|left\|thumb\|''Betula nigra'' Trunk, showing the bark pattern typical of most wild trees; [[Johnsonville, South Carolina]]]]~~
	~~[[Image:Betula nigra Heritage.jpg\|left\|thumb\|The cultivar 'Heritage', selected for its white bark, here in fall leaf colors]]~~

	{{~~commons\|Betula nigra~~}}		{{stub}}
	~~[[Category:Betulaceae]]~~		__NOTOC__
	~~[[Category:Trees of Eastern United States\|Birch, River]]~~
	~~[[Category:Trees of Southeastern United States\|Birch, River]]~~
	~~[[Category:Trees of Eastern Texas\|Birch, River]]~~
	~~[[Category:Trees of Northern Florida\|Birch, River]]~~

Murali.lalitha at 15:22, 7 February 2010

2010-02-07T15:22:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:22, 7 February 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{SPlantbox
			\|common_name=Water Birch
			\|Temp Metric=°F
			\|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
			\|image=Upload.png
			\|image_width=240
			}}
			{{Inc\|
			Betula nigra, Linn. (B. rubra. Michx.). Red or River Birch. Tree 50-90 ft.: bark reddish brown, or silvery gray on younger branches, separating into numerous thin, papery flakes: branchlets pubescent: petioles scarcely ½in. long: Lvs. rhombic-ovate, acute, doubly serrate, pubescent when young, at length only on the veins beneath, pale or glaucescent beneath, 2-3½ in. long: cones 1-1 ⅔ in. long, cylindrical, ripening in May or June; scales pubes cent, with erect, linear-oblong, nearly equal lobes. From Mass, south to Fla. and west to Kan. and Minn. S.S. 9:452. L.B.C. 13:1248. G. F. 2:591. Gn. 55, p. 161 (habit). W. B. 63. H.T. 122, 123.— A moisture-loving, graceful tree, with slender, very numerous branches, and remarkable for its torn and ragged bark.
			}}

	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen

WikiWorks at 09:32, 5 April 2007

2007-04-05T09:32:34Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Water Birch
| status = {{StatusSecure}}
| image = Birch blossom.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = River birch with male [[catkin]]s, <br/>[[Johnsonville, South Carolina]]
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fagales]]
| familia = [[Betulaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Birch|Betula]]''
| subgenus = ''[[Betula classification#Subgenus Neurobetula - Costate birches|Neurobetula]]''
| species = '''''B. nigra'''''
| binomial = ''Betula nigra''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}

'''Water Birch''', '''Red Birch''' or, '''River Birch''' (''Betula nigra'') is a common small [[birch]] native in [[flood plain]]s or [[swamp]]s in the [[Eastern United States|eastern]] [[United States]] from [[New Hampshire]] west to southern [[Minnesota]], and south to northern [[Florida]] and east [[Texas]].

It is a small [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to about 25 m tall at most. The [[bark]] is very variable, usually dark gray-brown to pinkish-brown and thickly scaly, but in some individuals, smooth and creamy pinkish-white, exfoliating in curly papery sheets. The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, ovate, 5-12 cm long and 4-9 cm broad, with a serrated margin. The [[flower]]s are wind-pollinated [[catkin]]s 3-6 cm long, the male catkins pendulous, the female catkins erect. The [[fruit]] is unusual among birches in maturing in late spring; it is composed of numerous tiny winged seeds packed between the catkin bracts.

===Cultivation and uses===
While its native habitat is wet ground, it will grow on higher land, and its [[bark]] is quite distinctive, making it a favored ornamental tree for [[landscape architecture|landscape use]]. A number of [[cultivar]]s with much whiter bark than the normal wild type have been selected for garden planting, including 'Heritage' and 'Dura Heat'; these are notable as the only white-barked birches resistant to the [[bronze birch borer]] ''Agrilus anxius'' in warm areas of the southeastern United States of America.

[[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] used the boiled [[sap]] as a [[sweetener]] similar to [[maple syrup]], and the inner bark as a survival food. It is usually too contorted and knotty to be of value as a [[timber]] tree.

==External links==
*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/beni.htm ''Betula nigra'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500258 Flora of North America: ''Betula nigra'']
*[http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=5749&flora_id=1 Flora of N.Amer-RangeMap: ''Betula nigra'']

[[Image:Riverbirch 8003.jpg|left|thumb|''Betula nigra'' Trunk, showing the bark pattern typical of most wild trees; [[Johnsonville, South Carolina]]]]
[[Image:Betula nigra Heritage.jpg|left|thumb|The cultivar 'Heritage', selected for its white bark, here in fall leaf colors]]

{{commons|Betula nigra}}
[[Category:Betulaceae]]
[[Category:Trees of Eastern United States|Birch, River]]
[[Category:Trees of Southeastern United States|Birch, River]]
[[Category:Trees of Eastern Texas|Birch, River]]
[[Category:Trees of Northern Florida|Birch, River]]