Sumac

Rhus subsp. var.
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Sumac is any one of approximately 250 species of flowering plants in the genus Rhus and related genera, in the family Anacardiaceae.

Sumacs grow in subtropical and temperate regions throughout the world, especially in North America.

Sumacs are shrubs and small trees that can reach a height of 1 - 10 m. The leaves are spirally arranged; they are usually pinnately compound, though some species have trifoliate or simple leaves. The flowers are in dense panicles or spikes 5 - 30 cm long, each flower very small, greenish, creamy white or red, with five petals. The fruits form dense clusters of reddish drupes called sumac bobs. The dried drupes of some species are ground to produce a tangy purple spice.

Species including the fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica), the littleleaf sumac (R. microphylla), the skunkbush sumac (R. trilobata), the smooth sumac and the staghorn sumac are grown for ornament, either as the wild types or as cultivars.

Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture

Rhus (ancient Greek name). Anacardiaceae. Sumac. Ornamental woody plants, grown chiefly for their handsome foliage, often assuming brilliant autumnal colors, and some species also for their showy fruiting panicles. See also Cotinus. Deciduous or evergreen shrubs, sometimes climbing by aerial rootlets, or trees, with milky or resinous juice: lvs. alternate, without stipules, simple, 3-foliolate or odd-pinnate: fls. dioecious or polygamous, small, in axillary or terminal panicles; calyx 5-parted; petals 5, imbricate; stamens 5, inserted below a broad disk; ovary superior, with 3 styles: fr. a small 1-seeded dry drupe, smooth or hairy.—About 150 species in the temperate and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. Foliage and bark of most species are rich in tannin and are used for tanning leather, particularly the lvs. of B. coriaria in S. Eu. From R. verniciflua lacquer is obtained in China and Japan, used in the manufacture of lacquer-ware; R. succedanea yields a vegetable wax, used for candles in Japan, and also exported for various purposes. R. laevigata and some other S. African species are valued for their timber. The sumacs are shrubs or trees with handsome simple or usually compound foliage assuming in most deciduous species brilliant autumnal colors, and with small comparatively inconspicuous flowers in usually large panicles, followed by small fruits which are deep red and showy in many species. The only species with rather showy flowers of creamy white color appearing in late summer is R. javanica, while R. typhina, R. glabra, and R. copallina are chiefly valued for their large pinnate leaves coloring scarlet in autumn and also for the conspicuous panicles of deep red fruits remaining almost unchanged on the plants during the winter; they are well adapted for mass-planting on barren ground and dry hillsides. Also R. verniciflua, R. succedanea, and R. vernix have handsome large foliage, but are poisonous like R. Toxicodendron, and for this reason are not recommended for extensive planting. The deciduous native species are hardy North, and R. verniciflua, R. Potaninii, R. punjabensis var. sinica, R. javanica, R. tri- chocarpa, and R. sylvestris are hardy as far north as Massachusetts, while R. coriaria is tender, and the evergreen species can be grown only in warmer temperate regions. Most species grow well in dry and barren soil, only R. vernix is a swamp-loving plant. Many species, particularly R. Toxicodendron, R. glabra, R. typhina, and R. copallina. spread by suckers and may become a nui- sance in lawns and mixed plantations. Propagation is by seeds sown in autumn or stratified; all species grow readily from root-cuttings; some species, as R. canaden- sis, may be increased by layers or cuttings of mature wood. The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.

Cultivation

Propagation

Sumacs propagate both by seed (spread by birds and other animals through their droppings), and by new shoots from rhizomes, forming large clonal colonies.

Species

A young branch of staghorn sumac

Rhus lancea fruit

Staghorn sumac bob, Hamilton, Ontario

Winged sumac leaves and flowers

File:Rhus malloryi 01.jpg

Rhus malloryi fossil

Selected species:

Africa Rhus acocksii Moffett Rhus albomarginata Sond. Rhus angustifolia L. Rhus batophylla Codd Rhus baurii Schönl. Rhus bolusii Sond. ex Engl. Rhus burchellii Sond. ex Engl. Rhus carnosula Schönl. Rhus chirindensis Bakh.f. Rhus ciliata Licht. ex Schult. Rhus crenata Thunb. Rhus cuneifolia L. Rhus dentata Thunb. Rhus discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. Rhus dissecta Thunb. Rhus divaricata Eckl. & Zeyh. Rhus dracomontana Moffett Rhus dregeana Sond. Rhus dura Schönl. Rhus engleri Britt. Rhus erosa Thunb. Rhus fastigiata Eckl. & Zeyh. Rhus gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels. Rhus glauca Thunb. Rhus gracillima Engl. Rhus grandidens Harv. ex Engl. Rhus gueinzii Sond. Rhus harveyi Moffett Rhus horrida Eckl. & Zeyh. Rhus incisa L.f. Rhus kirkii Oliv. Rhus keetii Schönl. Rhus krebsiana Presl ex Engl. Rhus laevigata L. Rhus lancea L.f. (syn. Searsia lancea) Rhus leptodictya Diels. Rhus loemnodia Ruckt. Rhus longispina Eckl. & Zeyh. Rhus lucens Hutch. Rhus lucida L. Rhus macowanii Schönl. Rhus magalismontana Sond. Rhus maricoana Moffett Rhus marlothii Engl. Rhus microcarpa Schönl. Rhus montana Diels Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss Rhus nebulosa Schönl. Rhus pallens Eckl. & Zeyh. Rhus pendulina Jacq. Rhus pentheri Zahlbr. Rhus pondoensis Schönl. Rhus populifolia E.Mey. ex Sond. Rhus problematodes Merxm. & Roessl. Rhus pterota Presl Rhus pygmaea Moffett Rhus pyroides Burch. Rhus quartiniana A.Rich. Rhus refracta Eckl. & Zeyh. Rhus rehmanniana Engl. Rhus rigida Mill. Rhus rimosa Eckl. & Zeyh. Rhus rogersii Schönl. Rhus rosmarinifolia Vahl Rhus rudatisii Engl. Rhus scytophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. Rhus sekhukhuniensis Moffett Rhus stenophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. Rhus tenuinervis Engl. Rhus tomentosa L. Rhus transvaalensis Engl. Rhus tridactyla Burch. Rhus tumulicola S.Moore Rhus undulata Jacq. Rhus volkii Suesseng. Rhus wilmsii Diels. Rhus zeyheri Sond. Rhus sp. nov. A (Yemen's Socotra Archipelago)

Asia Rhus chinensis Mill. - Chinese sumac Rhus hypoleuca Rhus javanica Rhus punjabensis - Punjab sumac Rhus verniciflua (syn. Toxicodendron vernicifluum, lacquer tree) Rhus succedanea (syn. Toxicodendron succedaneum) Australia, Pacific Rhus taitensis Guill. (Northeast Australia, Malesia, Micronesia, French Polynesia) Rhus sandwicensis A.Gray - Neneleau ([[Hawaii|HawaiTemplate:Okinai]]) Mediterranean Basin Rhus coriaria - Tanner's sumac Rhus pentaphylla Rhus tripartita Eastern North America Rhus aromatica - Fragrant sumac Rhus copallina - Winged or shining sumac Rhus glabra - Smooth sumac Rhus lanceolata - Prairie sumac Rhus michauxii - Michaux's sumac Rhus typhina - Staghorn sumac Rhus toxicodendron (syn. Toxicodendron radicans, poison ivy) Rhus vernix (syn. Toxicodendron vernix, poison sumac) Western North America Rhus choriophylla - Mearn's sumac (Arizona, New Mexico) Rhus laurina (syn. Malosma laurina) - Laurel sumac Rhus integrifolia - Lemonade sumac Rhus glabra - Smooth sumac †Rhus malloryi Wolfe & Wehr, 1987 Eocene Rhus microphylla - Desert sumac, littleleaf sumac Rhus ovata - Sugar sumac Rhus trilobata Nutt. - Skunkbush sumac Rhus virens - evergreen sumac Mexico and Central America Rhus muelleri - Müller's sumac (northeast Mexico)

Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture

aromatica, 8.laevigata, 5.radicans, 10. canadensis, 8.lanceolata, 18.roxburghii, 17. copallina, 18.laurina, 3.semialata, 17. coriaria, 16.lucida, 6.sinica, 14, 15. dissecta, 20.michauxii, 19.succedanea, 13. diversiloba, 9.mollis, 4.toxicodendron, 10. filicina, 20.osbeckii, 17.trilobata, 7. glabra, 21.ovata, 2.typhina, 20. hirta, 20.potaninii, 14.venenata, 11. integrifolia, 1.pumila, 19.vernicifera, 12. javanica, 17.punjabensis, 15.verniciflus, 12. laciniata, 20, 21.quercifolia, 10.vernix, 11, 12. R. cotinoides, Nutt.~Cotinus americana.—R. Cotinus, Linn.~Cotinus Coggygria.—R. Delavayi, Franch. Allied to R. succedanea. Glabrous shrub: lfts. 5-7, elliptic, 1-2 in. long, light green beneath: infl. 2-3 1/2 in. long. W. China. Var. quinquejuga, Rehd. & Wilson. Lfts. 5-11. slightly pubescent while young. W. China.—, hybrida, Rehd. Hybrid between R. glabra and R. typhina, found occasionally among the parents: young branchlcts sparingly or densely pubescent: lfts. on the veins beneath slightly pubescent: hairs of the fr. exactly intermediate in length between those of the parents. —R. orienitalis, Schneid. (R. Toxicodendron var. hispida, Engl. ), Allied to R.Toxicodendron. Climbing: young branchlets hairy: lfts. dull green above, entire: fr. pilose. Japan. China.—R. rhodanthema, F. Muell.~Rhodosphaera rhodanthema.—R. sylvestris, Sieb. & Zucc. Allied to R. succedanea. Shrub or tree, to 30 ft.: young branchlets, rachis, and lfts. beneath pubescent. Japan, China.—R. tomentosa. Linn. Allied to R. laevigata. Shrub or small tree: lfts. 3, oblong, entire or crenate-dentate, tomentose beneath, 1 1/2-3 in. long. S. Afr.—R. trichocarpa, Miq. Allied to R. verniciflua. Shrub or small tree: petiole and lfts. beneath pubescent; lfts. usually smaller: panicle shorter and denser: fr. pilose. Japan, China. The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.

Gallery

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References

• Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

External links

• w:Sumac. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
• Sumac QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)