Ulmus parvifolia
| Ulmus parvifolia subsp. var. | Chinese Elm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Ulmus parvifolia, commonly known as the Chinese or Lacebark, Elm, is a species native to China, Japan, North Korea and Vietnam.[1]
A small to medium deciduous, semi-deciduous (rarely semi-evergreen) tree growing to 10-18 m tall with a slender trunk and crown. It has been described as "one of the most splendid elms, having the poise of a graceful Nothofagus".[2] . The leathery, lustrous green single-toothed leaves are small, 2 cm - 5 cm long by 1 cm -3 cm broad, and often retained as late as December or even January in Europe and North America. The apetalous wind-pollinated perfect flowers are produced in early autumn, small and inconspicuous. The fruit is a samara, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 10 mm - 13 mm long by 6 mm - 8 mm broad [1]. The samara is mostly glabrous, the seed at the centre or toward the apex, borne on a stalk between 1 mm and 3 mm in length; it matures rapidly and disperses by late autumn. The trunk has a handsome, flaking bark of mottled greys with tans and reds, giving rise to its other common name, the Lacebark Elm, although scarring from major branch loss can lead to large canker-like wounds.[3][4][5][6]
The Chinese Elm is a tough landscape tree, hardy enough for use in harsh planting situations such as parking lots, in small planters along streets and in plazas or patios. Chinese Elms are frequently used in bonsai; they are considered a good choice for beginners owing to their high tolerance of pruning. Nurseries are widely available in North America, Europe, and Australasia.
The tree is arguably the most ubiquitous of the elms, now found in all the continents except Antarctica.
| Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture |
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Ulmus parvifolia, Jacq. (U. chinensis, Pers.). Chinese Elm. Half-evergreen small tree or shrub, with spreading pubescent branches: lvs. ovate to obovate or oblong, very short-petioled and little unequal at base, acute or obtusish, subcoriaceous, simply serrate, glabrous and glossy above, pubescent beneath when young, usually glabrous at length, 3/4-2 in. long: fls. short-pedicelled, in clusters; stamens 4-5, much exserted: fr. oval to elliptic, notched at the apex, with the seed in the middle, 1/3 – 1/2 in. long. July-Sept. N. China, Japan. —Has proved hardy near Boston. The recently described U. Sieboldii, Daveau, and U. Shirasawana, Daveau, are probably only forms of this species; they are said to differ in their deciduous lvs. and the former besides by the persistent deeply fissured bark, exfoliating in the other two species and the larger fr. exceeding 1/2 in.; the latter differs in the crenate-dentate lvs. with 8-10 pairs of veins and in the contracted fr. CH
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Cultivation
Propagation
Pests and diseases
The Chinese Elm is highly resistant, but not immune, to Dutch elm disease. It is also very resistant to the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola [1], but has a moderate susceptibility to Elm Yellows [7]. In trials at the Sunshine Nursery, Oklahoma, the species was adjudged as having the best pest resistance of about 200 taxa [8] However, foliage was regarded as only "somewhat resistant" to black spot by the Plant Diagnostic Clinic of the University of Missouri [2].
Varieties
Subspecies, varieties, and forms
Cultivars
Numerous cultivars have been raised, mostly in North America:
- A. Ross Central Park (Central Park Splendor), BSNUPF (Everclear), Burgundy, Burnley Select, Catlin, Chessins, Churchyard, Cork Bark, D.B.Cole, Drake, Dwarf Weeper, Dynasty, Ed Wood, Elsmo, Emer I or Emerald Isle (Athena), Emer II or Emerald Vase (Allee), Emerald Prairie, Frosty, Garden City Clone, Geisha, Glory, Golden Rey, Hallelujah, Harzam (Harrison), Hokkaido, Jade Empress, King's Choice, Littleleaf, Lois Hole, Matthew, Milliken, Nire-keyaki, Ohio, Orange Ribbon, Pathfinder, Pendens, Prairie Shade, Red Fall, Sabamiki, Sagei, Seiju, Select 380, Sempervirens, State Fair, Stone's Dwarf, Taiwan, The Thinker, Todd, UPMTF (Bosque), Ware's, Yarralumla (Yarralumla), Yatsubusa, Zettler (Heritage)
Hybrid cultivars
An autumn flowering species, whereas most other elms flower in spring, hybrids have accordingly been very few:
Gallery
Chinese Elm bonsai.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA.http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf
- ↑ Hilliers' Manual of Trees & Shrubs, 4th edition, 1977, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, England
- ↑ Bean, W. J. (1981). Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 7th edition. Murray, London.
- ↑ White, J & More, D. (2003). Trees of Britain & Northern Europe. Cassell's, London.
- ↑ http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/uparvifolia.htm
- ↑ PLANTS Profile for Ulmus pumila (Siberian elm) | USDA PLANTS
- ↑ Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004). The History of Elm Breeding. Invest. Agrar.: Sist Recur For. 2004 13 (1), 161-177.
- ↑ http://www.greenbeam.com/rs/nm_pdfs/16338_013.pdf
External links
- w:Ulmus parvifolia. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Ulmus parvifolia QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
