Acalypha
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Acalypha[1] is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae. It is the sole genus of the subtribe Acalyphinae. With 450 to 500 species of herbs and shrubs, the genus is only behind Euphorbia, Croton and Phyllanthus in term of Malpighiales diversity. The common names are copperleaves or three-seeded mercuries.
These plants are mostly tropical or subtropical (but not present in Hawaiʻi and several other Pacific Islands), with a few representatives in temperate zones. The Americas contain two thirds of the known species, distributed from southern United States to Uruguay and northern Argentina.
Several species, such as A. ecuadorica, A. eggersii and A. raivavensis are nearly extinct, and the St. Helena Mountain Bush or "stringwood" (A. rubrinervis) already is.
| Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture |
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Acalypha (a name given by Hippocrates to a nettle). Euphorbiaceae. Copper-leaf. Three-seeded Mercury. Brilliant tender foliage shrubs or herbs much used for greenhouse ornament, and especially for bedding-out; and in Florida and southward for lawn shrubs and hedges. The acalyphas are erect shrubs or, in the native species, rather weedy herbs, with alternate stipulate lvs: fls. in spikes or spike-like racemes, the staminate cluster peduncled, each fl. in the axil of a minute bractlet, with a 4-parted calyx and 8-16 stamens; pistillate fls. subtended by a foliaceous bractlet, the calyx 3-5 parted; petals wanting in both kinds of fls., the long spike-like ament being the showy part of the fls.: fr. usually of 3-2-valved carpels, each 1-seeded. For bedding, it is desirable to have strong, well- hardened plants in 4-inch pots, which should be set out the last week in May, and grown in a rich, moist soil without check. The leading horticultural species is A. hispida. The main point in the cultivation of this species is that it can be grown either to a single stem or in a spreading bush form, both of which ways are effective. Stock plants of acalypha do well in a mixture of three parts loam, one part well-decomposed manure, and, if the loam is heavy, also some sharp sand. In central Florida, none of the acalyphas is quite hardy. They should be banked late in the fall with dry sand, which must be removed when all danger of frost is over. Propagation is by cuttings, chiefly in three ways: (1) in fall from outdoor bedded plants; (2) from plants lifted in fall, cut back, and kept for spring stock; (3) from stock plants in pots reserved from the previous season. The well-ripened wood of these last is a great advantage, and gives cuttings that may be taken with a heel. A mature stem will furnish several beside the top one. This is the best method for general purposes. Cuttings may also be taken below the joints when the shoots are half mature. The cuttings require mild bottom heat. For greenhouse ornament in fall and winter, excellent specimens may be secured from cuttings made in summer from such stock plants. The acalyphas are subject to mealy-bug, scale and red-spider. For the first two, fumigate with hydrocyanic acid gas. The red-spider can be kept in check by syringing or spraying.CH
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Cultivation
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Propagation
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Pests and diseases
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Species
Specieswp:
- Acalypha alopecuroides
- Acalypha amentacea
- Acalypha amentacea subsp. wilkesiana (syn. A. godseffiana)
- Acalypha andina
- Acalypha arvensis
- Acalypha australis
- Acalypha bipartita
- Acalypha bisetosa
- Acalypha californica – California Copperleaf, Pringle Three-seeded Mercury
- Acalypha chlorocardia
- Acalypha chuniana
- Acalypha costaricensis
- Acalypha dictyoneura
- Acalypha diversifolia
- Acalypha ecuadorica
- Acalypha eggersii
- Acalypha glabrata
- Acalypha gracilens
- Acalypha gummifera
- Acalypha hispida – Chenille Plant, Philippine Medusa, Red-hot Cattail, "foxtail"
- Acalypha hontauyuensis
- Acalypha indica, Indian Acalypha
- Acalypha klavea
- Acalypha × lancasteriTemplate:Verify source
- Acalypha lancetillae
- Acalypha lepinei
- Acalypha leptopoda
- Acalypha macrostachya
- Acalypha monococca
- Acalypha mortoniana
- Acalypha ostryifolia
- Acalypha pendula
- Acalypha phleoides
- Acalypha polystachya
- Acalypha portoricensis
- Acalypha radians
- Acalypha raivavensis
- Acalypha repens
- Acalypha reptans
- Acalypha rhomboidea – Common Copperleaf, Common Three-seeded Mercury
- Acalypha rubrinervis – St. Helena Mountain Bush, String Tree, Stringwood - extinct (c.1860)
- Acalypha schimpffii
- Acalypha setosa
- Acalypha siamensis
- Acalypha skutchii
- Acalypha sonderiana
- Acalypha suirenbiensis
- Acalypha tunguraguae
- Acalypha umbrosa
- Acalypha villosa
- Acalypha virginica – Virginia Copperleaf, Virginia Three-seeded Mercury
- Acalypha wilkesiana – Beefsteakplant, Copperleaf, Fire-dragon, Jacob's-coat[2]
The following genera have been brought into synonymy with Acalypha:
- Acalyphes
- Acalyphopsis
- Calyptrospatha
- Caturus
- Corythea
- Cupameni
- Galurus
- Gymnalypha
- Linostachys
- Mercuriastrum
- Odonteilema
- Paracelsea
- Ricinocarpus
- Schizogyne
Gallery
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photo 1
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References
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
External links
- w:Acalypha. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Acalypha QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
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